Practicum Experience Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Practicum Experience Journal - Essay Example This was attributed to the fact that at times the nurses had little time to do the documentation, thus compiling the information inappropriately leading to loss of vital information. This problem led to redoing of a lot of documentation at later stages by the nurses. For instance, failure to record full information immediately after a home visit led to inaccurate information since errors arose later when trying to figure out what was done during the home visit. This observed phenomenon is apparently one of the causes of the nursing shortage experienced over the recent past. Most of the nurses perceive this process of documentation as either redundant or potentially unnecessary (Lippincott et al., 2003). However, on the contrary this process is one of the most critical ones in administering effective care to patients. This is because it enables different nurses to keep track of a patient’s development even in the absence of others thus enabling proper cares by different nurses. Therefore, whether the documentation is manual or electronically, it should be done with utmost care so as to enhance accuracy in the information of patients hence efficiency of their

Steve Jobs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steve Jobs - Term Paper Example This paper would unfold the secret of his business success on the grounds of leadership tactics, management strategies, and business outlook. Steven Paul (Steve Jobs) was born in February 24, 1955 in San Francisco. After his schooling he started working with his friend Steve Wozniak. It was in 1976 Jobs co-founded Apple which soon became the leading firm in the computer technology world. In addition to Apple, he also co-founded Pixar Animation Studios which was later in 2006 merged with Walt Disney Company. Jobs still continues to be a member of Disney’s Board of Directors. Although Jobs had resigned from Apple due to some managerial problems with the board of directors, later in 1997 he rejoined the Apple Computer Inc, as its CEO. His contribution to the business world brought him admiration and awards like National Technology Medal (1985), Jefferson Award for Public Service (1987), and Entrepreneur of the Decade by Inc.magazine (1989) (all about Steve Jobs). Jobs’ major achievements include the products like ‘Apple II’ and ‘Macintosh’-the personal computer models of high commercial value. Other innovations like iPod, iMac, iPhone and App Store also caught the attention of the business world (www.apple.com). Steve Jobs initiated computer revolution and introduced special effects in entertainment industries. For instance, the new product ‘icon’ was highly cherished for its special features like mavericks, oddballs, and iconoclasts. The iPhone combines video iPod, camera, e-mail and text messenger, Web browser, alarm clock, and daily organizer. The aesthetic appeal of the product was of his high concern because he believed that beauty is an important factor that motivates consumers to buy a particular product. What made him a successful business entrepreneur is his outstanding vision and tactical leadership. If critics are to relied, his aggressive and demanding nature was a barrier to employee relation. However, Jobs’ innovative and

Patient Billing Software System Information Technology Essay

Patient Billing Software System Information Technology Essay In todays world, the population in various countries is increasing speedily every year, the Medical Billing System has grown-up in importance. The reason for this is that there are far more individuals that have need of some variety of health care, regardless of whether it is physical or mental. In order to receive these services patients need to pay for the services rendered by the hospital. This task requires a billing system that can generate bills of services to patients. Medical professionals are facing problems regarding the billing issue. My project for BSc Computing is to develop a web based patient billing software that is of importance to a hospital. . PHP was selected as the language for implementation and PL/SQL server as the database. The patient information will be stored in the database. Any new patient information can be stored in the database via a patient information input screen. The screen will take as input all the details of the patient, the amount to be paid, etc. The system is designed with the intension of allowing for scalability, portability, and re-use. The design of the system is such that it would permit future integration with other systems like online insurance billing for a patient that has a medical insurance, or even a completely different application. This system is also expected to provide a maximum level of security and reliability. Aim This project is aimed at developing a patient billing software system that is of importance to a hospital. The patient billing system is a local software system. This system can be used to maintain the location and the bed number of each patient either in the ward or the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Information about the patient and the charges to be paid is also stored. OBJECTIVE Research objective To study the feasibility of implementing a practical billing system for a hospital mainly focusing on scalability issues. As the hospital is speedily getting bigger the system should be able support any future expansions such as dealing with patients with health insurance. To conduct series of interviews in order to understand the organisational structure and the existing infrastructure service in the hospital and its problems and develop an alternative scenario for the system. To understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the current infrastructure service and how does the new system will be a benefits to the hospital? To conduct research about how patients billing systems is used in other hospitals? To examine the necessary tools that will be needed for the implementation of the proposed system and also examine whether the proposed system will be compatible with the existing system within the budget. Eg: What type of programming language can be adopted? What type of database would be best suitable for the system? To conduct an interview with the hospital data entry operator and the account department in order to find out the difficulties they are facing when generating bills to their patients. Practical objective The system is developed using PHP as the front end and SQL Server / Oracle as the back end. The following steps will be helpful to start off the project. Study and be comfortable with technologies such as PHP, SQL server / Oracle, Apache and ODBC Connectivity. Decide on the number of wards and the number of beds in each ward. Make a database of all tables and fill some sample data in the tables which can prove helpful for running / testing of the project. Assign a hospital data entry operator who will enter all the patient details, make updating to the table entries via front-end screens as and when a patient is being admitted to the hospital, transferred from a general ward to the ICU and vice versa and discharged from the hospital. Since the real-time project needs to be tested in real-time, you can take hours as days for testing the system. However, the display will still be in days only. Create the front-page of the PBS system giving a brief description about the system and a login box Create the help-pages of the system in the form of QA. This will help you also when implementing the system. Create other sub-systems like screens for various functions (new patient entry, viewing existing patient details, transfer of a patient between ward and ICU, etc). Research about client side and server side programming languages HTML, XHTML, ASP.NET, JSP, PHP, ASP Research about web based data base applications like Oracle,Mysql Research about Unified Modelling Language, Activity diagram, Use case diagram, Class diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram Rationale of the project: Outsource medical billing system service provider is doing great help in terms of rendering medical billing services that could be of help to the doctors in order to concentrate more on their patients. The idea of medical billing outsourcing initiated from the need to hire experts in order to perform a minor task related to the medical profession. However, the most concerned issues of hiring a third party to manage the medical billing services are because secrete information about the company can be leaked out by outsourcing employees, even to their competitor and also they do not provide good quality services as most of their staff have limited medical background and all these issues can cause serious damage to the medical practice and finance. However with the introduction of my proposed system, it will result in the overall improvement of the medical billing processes. Significance: The proposed project can have great significance on the finance of the hospital and also reduce the work load from the account department. This does not only limit on the users, but will also be of great help to my studies and my career as well, as it would give me exposure needed in order to develop my skill on PL/SQL, PHP, HTML and RDBMS. Overview: My proposed web based application is fully focused is being user friendly, simple, but highly accurate at the same time. My program consists of different stages (pages). These can be described as follows. The project will provide a web-based platform where the hospital data entry operator can Login to the system through the first page of the application Enter the ward number for the patient either in the general ward or the ICU. Settle all bills pending to be paid by a patient before the patients discharge. Keep a track of all beds occupied / free in both the ward and the ICU. View information of all patients details, their admit time and the amount to be paid. Update the table fields (patient details, the amount to be paid / any balance remaining, the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number, etc.) as soon as a new patient is being admitted into the hospital or being discharged from the hospital. REQUIREMENTS System requirement The system requirements gives more details and explain how the user requirements should be provided by the system and can be used as part of the contract for the implementation of the system and should therefore be a complete and consistent specification of the system.(Sommerville, 2007pg.130) Therefore, Due to the nature of the project, the system is web base application that interacts with the user (hospital data entry operator and the account department) on client side and all the processing will be carried out on the server side. Therefore, both the client and the Server side have to meet the following minimum requirements. Software User is going to open the web page of the company that will contain the actual application form and then they have to fill it to make an application for the services. Internet Explorer or any web browser. Internet Connection. Data Base -MySQL server/Oracle (Optional) Client-side and Server-side scripting technologies PHP, ASP.NET, AJAX, Visual basic 6.0 WAMP. Security SSL, Hardware PC with Hard disk space more than 1 GB free always for database. (Optional) Minimum memory of 1GB (Optional) Back up running. Literature View: New technology creates new opportunities for forward-thinking companies. Higher level of automation, high-speed communications and improved access to information can provide significant benefits to a modern business organisation (Paul Boucij, Andrew Greasley, Simon Hickie 2008). Computer technology has highly transformed peoples lives tremendously. This innovation changes the way of our thinking and the way we perform our day by day activities. Computer-based information systems are now used to carry out all functions and activities of an organisation. Nowadays, improved innovations are being put in place in other to help a modern business organisation to make more efficient and automate business processes. Nevertheless, Medical practices are not left out of this great change. In order to run a medical practice appropriately, medical billing has to be automated. Lets imagine that there is no appropriate medical billing in place. What will happen to the issue of billing in medical pra ctices? Of course, the traditional way of billing will be adopted. Traditional way is doing all the medical billing like sending invoices and generating patients bills manually. This system is good if the medical practice wants to stay small. However, the issue of medical billing is sensitive in hospital management as the hospitals cannot afford losses because of careless billing generated from traditional way of billing. According to Charles Darwin, the prominent scientist of nature, said, It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change (Case, 2006 pg 27) The fact about nature is also true in today medical practice that works in a fast changing environment. The most efficient and successful hospitals run their finances with modern medical billing software. There is an urgent need to have a good way of managing the billing issue in a medical practice and this issue can only be managed with the help of good billing software. A good billing software is expected to make sure that the billing calculation are done efficiently and accurately. In addition, it is expected to be available to the users on internet so that medical practitioners can be able to have full access to their billing system anywhere in the world. Therefore, a web based medical billing is required. A Web application is a software application that is deployed on the web. It allows users to accomplish a task like obtaining information about the outstanding bills of a patient or any of the many activities possible on the web (Susan, Melanie, Solomon, Benjamin, 2003). The user can view, manipulate and control the software application through a Web browser connected to a web server through a network such as World Wide Web. In 1989, CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Switzerland) proposed the development of the World Wide Web in order to enable high-energy physicists across the world to collaborate through the easy provision and accessibility of information (Graham Curtis and David Cobham, 2002 pg 128). Another important aspect of web application is that there is a real-time update of generated content/data and they can be universally accessed via internet/web by the user. However, The effectiveness of any computerised system is dependent on the soundness of its design and this is particularly true for the database application. The importance of database system cannot be overlooked in medical billing system. For most business organisations, information held in databases can often be more valuable than tangible forms of asset, which are accounted for in monetary terms. To work most effectively for the organisation or company, data stored electronically must be properly managed and protected. (Domanski, peter, Philip, 2000). Thus, a consistence database must be in place in order to avoid inaccurate analyses of stored information, poor cash flow for the hospital and Patient dissatisfaction with the hospital. A web based billing software component comprises the Database Management system and the application program Methodologies: Different methodologies can be used for a project. However the appropriate one can increase the chances of better results. I have chosen to use the Unified Process approach and the reasons are; It concentrates on detailed documentation It minimises back tracking It maintains a full constant control on each stage of development We have a clear idea of all the problems during each stage thereby eliminating chance of bigger problems after coding I will get to learn useful tools do design Used case diagrams Enhancing my knowledge of class diagrams Strategic Issues Strategic issue can be explained as the organisation planning options in addressing crucial business issue, engaging in collaborative decision making. The strategic issue that the school of Technology and Management will benefit from the new system are; For the organisation Reduce the amount of paper usage e.g. assignment submission forms Reduce the amount of storage usage cost Reduce the number of manpower usage cost It will reduce the stress levels of the staff It save time for staffs For Student It eliminate assignment printing costs It reduce the long queues at the college e.g. during registration or at the registry. It saves time as well for the student Manpower requirements The project can be completed within 3 4 months if i work fulltime on it. Milestones and Timelines Number Milestone Name Milestone Description Timeline Week no. from the start of the project Remarks 1 Requirements Specification Complete specification of the system (with appropriate assumptions) including the framing of transfer policy of the patient between the ward / IBU, the payment / balance to be made by the patient etc constitutes this milestone. A document detailing the same should be written and a presentation on that be made. 2-3 Attempt should be made to add some more relevant functionality other than those that are listed in this document. 3 Database creation A database of atleast 25 entries of patients with some patients admitted in wards and the remaining in IBU should be entered. 5-7 It is important to finalize on the database at this stage itself so that development and testing can proceed with the actual database itself. 4 High-level and Detailed Design Listing down all possible scenarios (like new patient, transfer of a patient between general ward and IBU, some balance remaining to be paid at the time of discharge etc) and then coming up with flow-charts or pseudocode to handle the scenario. 7-9 The scenarios should map to the requirement specification (i.e., for each requirement that is specified, a corresponding scenario should be there). 5 Implementation of the front-end of the system Implementation of the main screen giving the login, screen that follows the login giving various options, screens for each of the options (shifting of patients, usage of beds). 10-12 During this milestone period, it would be a good idea for the team (or one person from the team) to start working on a test-plan for the entire system. This test-plan can be updated as and when new scenarios come to mind. 6 Integrating the front-end with the database The front-end developed in the earlier milestone will now be able to update the database when a patient discharges. In short, the system should be ready for integration testing. 12-13 7 Integration Testing The system should be thoroughly tested by running all the testcases written for the system (from milestone 5). 14-15 Another 2 weeks should be there to handle any issues found during testing of the system. After that, the final demo can be arranged. 8 Final Review Issues found during the previous milestone are fixed and the system is ready for the final review. 16-18 During the final review of the project, it should be checked that all the requirements specified during milestone number 1 are fulfilled (or appropriate reasons given for not fulfilling the same) Project: Internet based admission finder http://www.buzzle.com/articles/medical-billing-outsourcing.html

Great Guitarist Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through out history, music has played a big role. It has let people communicate and others release their creative minds. Throughout the life of music, instruments have made it happen. The guitar has become one of the most popular of all instruments. In fact, almost every band heard on the radio has a lead guitar accompanying the vocals. Thanks to the greats like B.B. King, Jimi Hendrix, Andres Segovia, and Eric Clapton the guitar has been made the lead instrument in much of music. With contributions from each one of these legendary players, the guitar is used in a variety of styles; heavy metal to classical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now a days, guitars are seen and heard everywhere. There are so many different types and styles. The two major categories are electric and acoustic. Electric guitars where first introduced in the 1940’s to enhance and amplify the sound of acoustic guitars. Acoustic guitars have hollow, wooden bodies. When the strings are played, the sound is amplified and echoes in the resonating body (New Grove 827).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today the common guitars, acoustic and electric, have six strings and on average of nineteen frets that range 3  ½ octaves. An octave is a unit of measurement obtaining to tones. Each string has a name. The bottom and thinnest string is the high e, next is b, then g, onto d, then A, and finally low E. Sound is made by strumming or plucking these strings while placing the fingers of the opposite hand on the frets and strings to produce different notes (Turnbull 825).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The guitar is hard to trace back beyond the Renaissance period but it is known the guitar has roots in Spain. The first known guitar was small with four sets of strings; each set called a course. Later a fifth course was added. At the end of the Baroque period, single strings replaced the double strings and a sixth was added. Since then, the guitar was changed little until Manuel Torres worked with the design and body. First, he increased the overall size. Making the body bigger and the neck longer added more notes and more amplification. He was the first to use the fan brace design on the inside of the resonating body. This increased the sound quality that was produced by the echo. This design is still in use today (Some Guitar History 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.B. K... ... his guitars. â€Å"Clapton’s rich, precise guitar work showed why he is worth seeing anytime, anywhere† (Fricke 2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of the guitar is very broad but certain individuals have made it a very popular instrument. These same people have brought the guitar into the spotlight by using their own special styles. Thanks to them, the guitar has a spot in every type of music; heavy metal too classical. Biography Biography. [online] Available http://clapton.musicdot.com/biography.htm. Ewen, David, ed. Musicians Since 1900. New York: H.W. Wilson  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company, 1978. Fricke, David. â€Å"Clapton’s Crossroads Jam.† Rolling Stone 5 Aug. 1999:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24. Kerekes, Jim and Dennis O’Neill. King Of The Blues. [online] Available  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.worldblues.com/bbking/prairie/. Pesant, Steven C. James ‘Jimi’ Marshall Hendrix. [online] Available   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.jimi-hendrix.com/story/hendrix.asp. Some Guitar History. [online] Available  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.albany.net/~dowland/gtrhstry.html, December 7, 1999. Turnbull, Harvey. The New Grove. 1995 ed.

Proposal for Reparations of African Americans Essay

During the mid 1950s to late 1960s African Americans started responding to the oppressive treatment shown to them by the majority of white people in the country. They responded to the segregation of blacks and whites during that time and the double standards the African Americans were held to. African Americans responded to their suppression by participating in boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and trying to get legislation passed so that they could overcome their degrading situation. They were successful in many of these actions and through them brought around more rights for African Americans. Boycotts were a major way that the African Americans got their voices and wants heard. The most famous boycott was probably the Montgomery Bus Boycott. After the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man, Martin Luther King Jr. , urged the people of Montgomery to boycott the bus system. African Americans didn’t want to be considered substandard to white people, and they didn’t want to be forced to be subservient to them on buses. They didn’t think it was fair that they had to sit in the back of buses and give up their seats to white people. As King put it, â€Å"[†¦] there comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of oppression† (King 347). Because African Americans were ready to do something to support their rights they followed King’s advice to â€Å" [†¦] work with grim and firm determination to gain justice on the buses in this city [through boycotting]† (King 348) The Montgomery bus boycott made the public transportation system realize how important African Americans were to the transportation system. The combined effect of loss of money and pressure from around the country created a victory for the African American Civil Rights movement. The boycott lasted 382 days, until the law allowing racial segregation on buses was lifted and white people and African-Americans were able to sit wherever they wished to on buses. There were also boycotts of businesses where the segregation of African Americans was still very prevalent. Many of these boycotts were successful. The boycotts caused enough financial difficulties that the segregated businesses either had to close or integrate. Diners where African Americans had to sit separate from white people or where African Americans weren’t served at all were boycotted against as well until that diner served African Americans and allowed them to sit wherever they wanted and with whomever they wanted. Diners also faced the difficulty of sit-ins if they refused to serve African Americans. In Greensboro, North Carolina, a black college student named Joseph McNeill was refused service at the counter of a restaurant. The next day he and three of his friends came and sat at the lunch counter waiting to be served. They weren’t served that day. The four of them returned to the lunch counter each day, but were never served. The students were aware each day that they came to the lunch counter that they would probably not be served, but â€Å"they were also aware that this form of nonviolent protest could be a powerful method in accomplishing the desegregation of lunch counters† (McElrath 1). Then, an article in the New York Times, brought notice to this sit-in and many other students joined in on the sit-in. This started a chain of sit-ins around the country to protest the ill-treatment of African-Americans. Despite many hardships, including being beaten and doused with Ammonia, more people kept showing up at these demonstrations. The sit-ins were effective in the fact that restaurants either served the African-Americans at the counter, or closed down. In one case a restaurant took out all of the chairs in the restaurant so that no one could be served anywhere, which ended up causing him to have to close down. In addition to sit-ins, there were also kneel-ins at churches where African-Americans were not allowed to worship due to race. Sit-ins and kneel-ins were very effective. As John F. Kennedy said, â€Å"[the protestors] have shown that the new way for Americans to stand up for their rights is to sit down† (Kennedy 1). Marches were also a prevalent way in which African Americans showed their discontent and fought out for their rights. Black leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. led marches on major cities, trying to voice their support of the Civil Rights movement. One of the first marches in support of Civil Rights was the protest march led by three ministers, including Martin Luther King Jr. , in Birmingham, Alabama. The march was met by policemen and dogs and the three ministers were put into jail. This was where King wrote his inspiring, â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail,† which set forth the need for the non-violent protest against unjust laws. This call for non-violent protests was one of the major factors that induced people to take the path of non-violent protests in order to promote Civil Rights. Perhaps the most famous march in favor of Civil Rights was The March on Washington. Civil Rights leaders, Bayard Rustin and Philip Randolph, were the chief planners of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. They wanted â€Å"to embody in one gesture civil rights as well as national economic demands. † (Randolph 1). The march was held on August 28, 1963, and more than 200,000 demonstrators gathered in front of the Washington Memorial to protest against the ill treatment of minorities, primarily African Americans, and to listen to many speakers, including Martin Luther King Jr. , who gave his famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The march had six official goals, but the major one was the passage of the civil rights law that the Kennedy administration had proposed after the problems in Birmingham. The march gained its purpose, but not without much controversy and struggle. The African American voice could not be ignored though, and many advances for Civil Rights were gained through the March on Washington, a march that would â€Å"go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation† (King 1) Another very effective response to the degradation of African Americans was to try to get legislation passed. One of the landmark cases for Civil Rights was Brown v. Board of Education. This case over-turned the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson which said that schools could be segregated as long as they were equal in education and facilities. Brown v. Board of Education explicitly said that there is no way that separate can be equal and that by having â€Å"separate but equal† schools, the government was blatantly ignoring the 14th amendment which states, â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State [†¦]deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (Congress 1). This court case caused the schools to be integrated, which was one of the first steps to racial equality. Another important ruling in the fight for Civil Rights was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that, â€Å"All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation [†¦] without discrimination or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origins† (Congress 350) This meant that. African Americans couldn’t be turned down from jobs due solely to race, their voting rights couldn’t be taken into question due to race, and they couldn’t be denied service in any public facilities. This piece of legislation had a far reaching impact, and furthered along the Civil Rights movement. Another very important piece of legislation was the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This outlawed the use of literacy tests to determine the right to vote. This gave more African Americans the ability to vote and to have a say in the government that was ruling them. The ability to vote allowed African Americans to have a voice in government and to elect people that they thought would further their rights. The ability of African Americans to get legislation passed that supported their rights was a major step in the improvement of the treatment of African Americans and made it so that legally people could not discriminate against, segregate, or deny voting rights to them. The different responses of the African American Community, including boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and fighting for legislation, changed civil rights in the United States. The African Americans fought out against injustice, just as our founding fathers fought out against the injustice of the British. Their efforts helped create a more integrated and accepting society where race is not the only thing people see when looking at a person. Although the society today is not perfectly accepting of all races, society is much more accepting than it was half a century ago, and that is due largely to the African American movements in favor of Civil Rights. Works Cited â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education. † Wikipedia. Wikipedia. 2 Feb 2007 . â€Å"African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968). † Wikipedia. Wikipedia. 29 Jan 2007 . â€Å"Brief Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement (1954 – 1965). † Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement. 29 Jan 2007 . King, Martin Luther. â€Å"Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Defends Seamstress Rosa Parks, 1955. † Major Problems in American History Volume II. Edited. Edited. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. â€Å"The March on Washington. † The Civil Rights Movement. 2 Feb 2007 . McElrath, Jessica. â€Å"African American History. † Lunch Counter Sit-Ins. About. 2 Feb 2007 .

Investment and Japan Essay

1. Why, historically, has the level of FDI in Japan been so low? 2. What are the potential benefits to the Japanese economy of greater FDI? 3. How did the entry if Walmart into the Japanese retail sector benefit that sector? Who lost as a result of Walmart’s entry? 4. Why has it been so hard for Walmart to make a profit in Japan? What might the company have done differently? Japan, an island nation on the Pacific ocean, has none of the natural advantages that have facilitated cross-border trade and investment in other parts of the world. Also, Japan was badly defeated in World War II and occupied by Allied forces at the end of the war. Japan was totally closed to foreign investment during that period. The Japanese government sets up important barriers to reduce the foreign direct investment into Japan to develop the country by avoiding other countries’ financial shocks. Additional, the high rental and labor cost impact the Foreign Direct Investment level too. Japan as a host country, a greater FDI can result from the resource-transfer effect, employment effects, balance-of-payments effects on competition and economic growth. Walmart entered the Japanese market by purchasing large stakes in similar retailer Seiyu. Walmart helped Seiyu reorganized the structure, implemented point-of -sale and SMART inventory tracking systems, supply-chain and distribution management systems,etc. Walmart gave a free American strategy lesson to the Japanese retail industry. Walmart also increased the the level of competition in Japan, it resulted in stimulating the developing retail industry and lowering the price of products to improve economic growth in Japan. But Walmart as a foreign investor in Japan did not make profits from 2000-2010. During the years of losses in Japan, Walmart still believed the American style retail store can grow anywhere in the world. They have made similar mistakes just like in Germany. Walmart failed to grasp the fact that the consumer and retail environment in Japan has a different culture. In Japan, people puts loyalty on a highest value. It’s difficult to pursue the consumers from local â€Å"7-eleven† to foreign â€Å"Walmart†. â€Å"Every day lower price† strategy is not enough power to change Japanese consumers buying  behavior. Japanese consumers tendency to buy smaller quantities and good packaging or appearance of goods. The quality of product also play a huge role in their purchasing decisions. For Walmart, better understanding of Japan’s culture and improving relationship with supplier may help them move forward to success in Japan.

Critical Evaluation of Three Journal Articles on the Effects of Imprisonment The WritePass Journal

Critical Evaluation of Three Journal Articles on the Effects of Imprisonment Critical Evaluation of Three Journal Articles on the Effects of Imprisonment This review will seek to establish the extent of the pro-social attributes offenders possess, and how these can be of use to the rehabilitation process. Offenders’ strengths have received relatively little attention in the literature, but strengths-based approaches show promising signs for criminal desistance, and as such deserve investigation. The first article under consideration (Aresti, Eatough and Brooks-Gordon, 2010) investigates reformed ex-offenders experiences in the community following release from prison. The study particularly sought to map the underlying psychological change, which comes with lasting desistance from crime. The findings were that criminal desistance seemed to be facilitated by a change to a pro-social identity and the attainment of meaningful employment. The change in identity was typically a positive experience, although participants struggled against their label of ex-offender when establishing this new place in society for themselves. They typic ally explained their past offending behaviour using whatever seems most plausible to them, such as mental illness or drug abuse, and thus distanced themselves from the offending behaviour. Participants were five male ex-offenders, who took part in semi-structured interviews. This method would also uncover specific subjective nuances conveyed by ex-prisoners about what caused them to fully embrace an identity shift. Although the sample size was very small, and extensive data obtained from five people can hardly be used to speculate on ubiquitous effects. Inclusion criteria were implemented to ensure that the participants had sufficiently similar experience of criminal justice and shared a motivational drive to reform. This strategy eliminates confounding variables but limits the applicability of findings to the group best described by the attributes of the participants. Aresti et al. (2010) filled an essential gap in the literature by addressing the experiences of reformed ex-prisoners in particular. The selection of this group is a good choice as developing a timeline of their reformation could assist in identifying factors which are conducive to causing offenders to re-assess their lives and make a qualitative change in their attitude towards society. Although it does not have the empirical specificity than quantitative research can provide; effect sizes and objective causal antecedents cannot be established. But subjective interpretations of the ex-prisoners involved gives research into this field a more human voice, aiding empathy and understanding which may ultimately help in the effort to reform more offenders. McMurran, Theodosi, Sweeney and Sellen (2008) examine the self-reported motivations and goals of currently incarcerated prisoners, a strategy which could prove useful as it can identify what offenders believe they need in order to reform at the crucial period during which their future offending behaviour is still in question. By identifying what prisoners want out of life, intervention strategies can be better informed to use this source of motivation to rehabilitate them. The method used was again qualitative, which was appropriate for in-depth understanding of prisoners’ aspirations. The paper brings in a relatively fresh perspective focusing on offender strengths and propensities to reform. Risk and needs-based models of criminogenic factors have been criticised for concentrating too much on offenders’ deficits and negative influences in their lives rather than their strengths and positive goals. McMurran et al. (2008) suggest that prisoners actually want what professionals on rehabilitation believe they need. But perhaps their present circumstances (incarceration) are causing them to assess their lives in this way, and upon release they will change their tone, or they could equally be expressing what they believe the authorities want to hear. This is a bias which profoundly impairs the validity of the findings. These papers advocate a strengths-based resettlement of prisoners following release rather than risk-oriented strategies. Subsequently, research must be reviewed on the effectiveness of strengths-based approaches to rehabilitate and address the concerns of ex-prisoners in the community. The obstacles facing practical implementation of such approaches including conflict with the prevalent risk-based policies must also be considered. Therefore the third paper in this review will be Burnett and Maruna (2006). This paper makes some excellent points on the potential of strengths-based approaches to endow ex-offenders with a sense of purposeful responsibility, which can help to enact a cognitive restructuring towards a pro-social belief system (Toch, 2000). Prominent in Burnett and Maruna (2006) is the empirical evidence; in particular a case study of a project in HMP Springhill in which prisoners were employed at a Citizens’ Advice Bureau (Burnett and Maruna, 2004). There were marked benefits for offenders; evidence for this was acquired via interviews, observations and surveys gauging public opinion, employed as an imprecise measure of prejudice against prisoners. The findings confirmed that the most important impact was on their social identity. As in Aresti et al. (2010) this was attributed in part to a reduction in both the fear of rejection and the dismay at lost opportunities owing to the offender label. This article also brings up an important effect that prisoners experience; the suppression of personal characteristics and social withdrawal while incarcerated. The re-emergence of individual personality and realisation of the self in a more pro-social light is stressed as perhaps the best indicator of sustained desistance from crime (Farrall and Maruna, 2004). Burnett and Maruna (2006) add to this that rehabilitation programs can best help prisoners by offering ‘helper’ roles in the community, and allow the input of prisoners in selecting volunteer jobs to maximise their feeling of responsibility and earning their place in society, as well as cultivating their new persona as caring and helpful. Criticisms of Burnett and Maruna (2006) have to include that the empirical evidence comes largely form only a single case study, limiting applicability. Also only the lowest risk offenders were allowed to participate in the program, arguably higher risk offenders would not be affected in the same way. Indeed this whole approach may only be useful for prisoners who are most willing to reform (and hence are lower risk) since inherently prisoners have to agree to the work and associate meaningfully with it. Ultimately, the recommendations for the criminal justice system based on these papers is that prisoners must be seen as resources capable of contributing to society, and opportunities must be presented for prisoners to develop a new pro-social identity and hone their individual skills. Stigma, labelling and the risk-assessment culture are huge obstacles to this, and the trust bestowed on prisoners participating in community programs must not be dissolved too eagerly as this threatens to fracture the new pro-social identity. In conclusion, although there are limitations of these articles including vague measurement tools and limited applicability, the identification of encouragement of offenders’ strengths could prove beneficial for some prisoners, but perhaps only those designated as low risk. References Aresti, A., Eatough, V. and Brooks-Gordon, B. (2010) Doing time after time: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of reformed ex-prisoners experiences of self-change, identity and career opportunities.  Psychology, Crime Law, 16(3), 169-190 Burnett, R. and Maruna, S. (2004) Prisoners as Citizens’ Advisers: The OxCAB–Springhill Partnership and Its Wider Implications. London: Esm ´ee Fairbairn Foundation Burnett, R. and Maruna, S. (2006) The kindness of prisoners Strengths-based resettlement in theory and in action.  Criminology and Criminal Justice,  6(1), 83-106 Farrall, S. and Maruna, S. (2004) Desistance†Focused Criminal Justice Policy Research: Introduction to a Special Issue on Desistance from Crime and Public Policy.  The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice,  43(4), 358-367 McMurran, M., Theodosi, E., Sweeney, A. and Sellen, J. (2008) What do prisoners want? Current concerns of adult male prisoners.  Psychology, Crime Law,  14(3), 267-274 Toch, H. (2000) Altruistic Activity as Correctional Treatment. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 44(3), 270–278

Biological Weapons In History essays

Biological Weapons In History essays If used in numbers, atomic bombs not only can nullify any nation's military effort, but can demolish its social and economic structure and prevent their re-establishment for long periods of time. With such weapons, especially if employed in conjunction with other weapons of mass destruction such as pathogenic bacteria, it is quite possible to depopulate vast areas of the earth's surface, leaving only vestigial remnants of man's material works. -Report of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Operation Crossroads, June 30, 1947 Biological weapons have a long history in warfare. The first accounts of biological warfare date to the 6th century B.C. when the Assyrians poisoned the wells of their enemies with rye ergot (a disease of rye and other cereals caused by ergot fungus, similar in effect to LSD) and again when Solon of Athens poisoned an aqueduct with hellebore, (an herb purgative) during the siege of Kirrha. During a naval battle in 184 B.C. against King Eumenes of Pergamon, Hannibals forces hurled clay pots filled with venomous snakes onto the enemys decks. Hannibal defeated the Pergamene, as they were forced to fight man and snake. Can biological weapons used throughout history be classified as weapons of mass destruction such as modern day nuclear, biological or chemical weapons? In modern times we know nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons as weapons of mass destruction, but can we say that biological attacks that occurred as early as the 6th century B.C. were intended to produce the mass casualties that we now know bacterial, virulent and toxic weapons are capable of producing? Can these battles over 2,500 years ago be considered the first in the long history of the biological weapons age? It is understood today that nuclear, biological and chemical weapons are meant to decimate an enemy forces ability to fight by killing, seriously injuring, or incapacitating the enemy through its physiologica...

How to Write the Seven Deadly Sins in Japanese Kanji

How to Write the Seven Deadly Sins in Japanese Kanji The seven deadly sins are a Western concept rather than Japanese. They are abuses or excesses of drives everyone experiences but may lead to serious transgressions if they are not kept in check. These symbols in Japanese kanji script are popular for tattoos. Hubris - Pride (Kouman) Pride in a negative sense is feeling superior and more important than others, putting your own desires above those of any other person. It has traditionally been listed as the most serious sin. In modern thinking, a narcissist would be guilty of hubris. The proverb, Pride goeth before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall, is used to show that reckless disregard of others can lead to serious actions and crimes. For example, rape is thought to be stem from the sin of hubris more than from lust, as it is placing the rapists desires above any consequences for the victim. Opposite virtue: humility. Greed (Donyoku)   Desiring to acquire more and more earthly treasure can lead to unethical methods of obtaining them. Excessive pursuit of wealth is a deadly sin. Opposite virtue: charity or generosity. Envy (Shitto)   Wanting what others have can lead to hostility towards other people as well as to  perform unethical actions to take it from them. Envy can target more than possessions or wealth, including envying someones beauty or ability to make friends. If you cant have what they have, you dont want them to have it, either. Opposite virtue: kindness Wrath (Gekido)   Excessive anger can lead to violence as well as non-violent but destructive actions. It has a scope from simple impatience to violent revenge. Opposite virtue: patience Lust (Nikuyoku) Lust is allowing sexual attraction to get out of control and lead you to have sex outside of marriage or other committed relationship. It also can be an unbridled desire in general, always wanting more. Opposite virtue: chastity Gluttony (Boushoku) Gluttony is eating and drinking too much, including drunkenness. It can be consuming more of any resource than is needed and being wasteful. In addition to being self-destructive, this can deprive others of what they need. Opposite virtue: temperance Sloth (Taida) Laziness and inaction can lead to failing to address problems until it is too late. Sloth is not doing the things that you should be doing, ignoring duties and procrastinating. Opposite virtue: diligence The Seven Deadly Sins Manga Series This manga series began publication in October 2012, written and illustrated by Nakaba Suzuki. It has been developed into a television anime and published in English. The Seven Deadly Sins are Holy Knights who were brutal criminals with the symbols of beasts carved onto their bodies. These are: Meliodas - the Dragon Sin of Anger  Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ªÃ£Æ'€ã‚ ¹Diane - the Snake Sin of Envy  Ã£Æ'‡ã‚ £Ã£â€š ¢Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'Å'Ban - the Fox Sin of Greed  Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' ³King - the Bear Sin of Sloth  Ã£â€š ­Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š °Gowther - the Goat Sin of Lust  Ã£â€š ´Ã£â€š ¦Ã£â€š »Ã£Æ' «Merlin - the Boar Sin of Gluttony  Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ³Escanor - the Lions Sin of Pride  Ã£â€š ¨Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ'ŽãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' «

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example t shows (as any Museum should) it was also plainly obvious that it was also the mission of the Air and Space Museum to impress you with the resources of the American government, and the American people and what they have done for air and space travel generally. Many of the exhibits were historical in nature, such as Amelia Ehardht’s plane, or rockets used to get people into space, or return vehicles from the mission to the moon. While I attended, however, there was an exhibit going on Entitled â€Å"NASA ART: 50 Years of Exploration,† which detailed art that had been made as a result of NASA’s effort. Two of these pieces struck me especially, â€Å"Fluid Dynamics† by Tina York and â€Å"Remembering Columbia† by Chakaia Booker. They are basically at opposite ends of the spectrum in terms of what they do artistically, but both are incredibly interesting, and show the immense influence science has on our culture. â€Å"Fluid Dynamics† was a very interesting piece: the artist spent several years working with NASA scientists research fluid dynamics before making it, and was trying to represent the motion that is inherent in his field of study through a still medium (Smithsonian 2011a). It really showed the huge impact that science has on art: we understand natural beauty, but science can help simulate it better, and can create a huge influence on the mind of the artist. â€Å"Remembering Columbia† was, as mentioned previously, on the opposite end of the spectrum. It consisted of strips of rubber worked together to almost look like a bow (as in on a present, not the weapon), or a knot – or possibly an atom. This piece has physicality to it, and was created to remember those who lost their lives on the Columbia disaster in 2003 (Smithsonian 2011b). The pieces of rubber included those collected from the tire of the space shuttle itself, which were donated for the cause. This shows how deeply space exploration has entrenched in our culture: astronaut are

Tom's shoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tom's shoes - Essay Example These customers are conscious about socially credible and ethical business practices and therefore, prefer the way of operations of Tom’s Shoes. The company follows a One to One model in which it provides shoes to deprived children as a part of the charitable and ethical aspect of the company. Tom’s Shoes was found with the aim of providing a new pair of shoes to a child for every pair of shoes that is sold from the company. The charitable component of Tom’s Shoes is an important influencing factor of customer purchase decision when the customer is buying his/her first pair of shoes from the company. However, the charitable aspect becomes a much low impact buying factor in case of repeat purchases by the customers. The customer segment including socially conscious buyers is the main target segment for Tom’s Shoes which it taps through word of mouth publicity and other promotional tools. These are supported by the charitable aspects of the company. Cause ma rketing is an important marketing strategy used by Tom’s Shoes to attract the target customer group (Earle

Critical Analysis 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Analysis 1 - Essay Example Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to prove that Puritan beliefs and lifestyle were necessary for their survival in the new land of America. Using the works of Anne Bradstreet and William Bradford, the reasons why the Puritans fled their homes, the challenges they faced in the New World, and their goals will be investigated. William Bradford believed that God wanted the Pilgrims to establish a new life in the new land, by building a New Jerusalem. Here they would worship freely, without fear, would establish the rule of God’s laws, and would finally be relieved from the tyranny and persecution that had shadowed their entire lives in Europe (Schmidt 10). During their first year in Plymouth Colony, the Pilgrims faced several hardships including diseases, severely cold winter, and the occurrence of daily deaths. However, many of the colonists survived, mainly due to the leadership shown by William Bradford. They hunted wild game, fished, grew grain and corn, and built a settlement; and the following year celebrated the first Thanksgiving (Schmidt 107-108). Along with a group of other young men, Bradford provided excellent leadership for the progress of Plymouth Colony, but their work did not include that of the Church (Doherty 90). The separation of Church and state that is an important element of the American system of democracy, was initiated in this system that was central to the colony’s government. However, the mission of the Puritans was to spread God’s word â€Å"to both Christians and heathens, to comfort the afflicted, and to offer guidance to those with spiritual questions† (Williams: 52). Besides Bradford’s showed Godliness as well as tact in befriending the native Americans. When the settlement started to thrive, Bradford established profitable trade with the local natives. By the next winter, the Pilgrims had regained their health and strength, and had adequate provisions for all including the supply of wild

Case Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Management - Essay Example This system has five (5) essential features: (1) Identification of eligible patients, (2) Assessment, (3) Development of an individual care plan, (4) Implementation of care plan, and (5) Monitoring of outcome. In brief, case management can be delivered as a single intervention or as part of a multi-component intervention (Guide to Community Preventive Services, 2002). Some of the factors that increases interest in case management includes the rapidly escalating population of managed care contracts and the increase of patients who are chronically ill and require continuous costly care. The ability to capture and maintain appropriate information to allow high levels of collaboration between care managers, financial managers and payers are crucial in case management. Combining clinical and financial records is necessary in developing an effective case management program (Cerner & HFMA, 2006). Efforts in controlling healthcare quality and cost need to be an absolute commitment from both governance and senior leadership that balances approach to quality and financial outcome. Case management is a part of an overall process of improving the quality of care provided by an organization. It needs active engagement and passion of senior leaders because separation between business goals and clinical goals must be eliminated.The physician who functions as a medical director, a nurse who functions as a full time clinical officer or case manager and a hospital administrator should set clinical improvement goals together and discuss how to best manage quality health care. Accountability must be established and designed to review clinical and financial outcomes. However, providing sound clinical and financial information in timely manner is essential to the process. Electronic medical records revolutionize health care due to the availability of evidenced-based protocols and pharmaceutical applications that gives easy access to practitioners the best research on a specific disease condition. Most hospitals have computerized electronic hospital information system that helps administrators collect and analyze financial data and electronic medical records for clinical data. But the two systems are not linked. Combining the data from both systems is seen as a necessary ingredient in effective clinical and financial case management A combined system can also schedule appropriate resources needed to provide services. These electronic systems help case managers streamline the process of verifying the level of care the patient requires and the willingness of the his insurance carrier to reimburse the hospital for that care (Yoder-Wise, 1999). Scientific studies continue to document that poor care is being delivered despite significant amount of money spent in providing care service. Ineffective and inconsistent care leads to bad outcomes and higher costs due to the absence of an organized approach to management (Harrison, Nolan, & Sucro, 2004). Some experts state that case management improves the quality of care by

Market Research Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Research Paper - Coursework Example This paper will focus on the most significant market research, which the Mander Portman Woodward college business could employ to improve its collection of market research data. Types of research data Market research refers to gathering and analysis of data or information concerning customers, competitors and, or the effectiveness of the business marketing programs. Small-scale business owners conduct market research to evaluate the feasibility of the newly established business, preferences in new services and products, improve the business aspects like consumer services, channels of distribution of products and establish competitive strategies. In this case, the college carries out a market research to enable it to make decisions to respond effectively to the need of customers, and increase their profit. The research is also significant for the college to acquire accurate information about competitors and customers that necessitate the development of a solid marketing plan (Brace, 2 004). The college has to be conversant with their market niche, and the benefit they offer to the market. Market research aids the college hone in the marketplace and directs their operations in relation to the market segment that targets their products and services. The college utilizes both primary and secondary types of market research for data collection. ... Preliminary interactive meetings between the lower-sixth form students, their teachers and parents at the start of every summer term, discussions concerning university application and entrance, student seminars, and student interviews among others are all sources of primary data utilized by the school. It also utilizes secondary data from published examination results, such as, the academic year reports that provide significant information about the performance of the school and the challenges that need to be addressed to improve its general performance. Market research methods The key role of market research is to analyze the requirements of a certain target market, acceptability of services, competition as well as means of establishing and exploiting existing and new markets. Before conducting the research, a comprehensive understanding of the core problem that needs to be solved, the application of market research procedures and the market itself is significant (Grove and Vriens, 2006). The main reason for conducting market research in the school is to achieve a wider understanding of the methods of improving the school performance, and increasing the number of students who pursue the competitive courses. The three methods of research that could be appropriate for the school include primary research, secondary research, focused groups and student interviews. The school could use primary market research to collect original data relevant to the requirements of the students, staff and parents. Primary research entails both quantitative and qualitative categories of research. Quantitative research is based on numerical, statistical analysis and demand measurement of market

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Magellan was able to discover Pacific territories with the King’s blessings and directives to share their dogmas. Similarly, Columbus was able to prove that there is more beyond the horizon when he landed on the Americas. One of the first changes he caused was on the beliefs of the natives. Furthermore, a lot of wars were politically explained to be inspired by religious campaigns. Monarchies such as the Roman Empire apparently sought to spread Christianity that is why almost all of Europe was conquered. One of the strongest human needs is to have a connection with a Supreme Being. Since time in memorial, this basic desire has triggered intense emotions and powered significant movements. Hence, religion has brought about unity as well as conflict among peoples. There has been an evident link between Government Issue (GI) and agricultural talks among countries. For instance, in Europe a powerful GI protection has been unswerving for years. It has been regarded as an essential protection in exporting and importing agricultural products. This action has been caused by overdue transatlantic conflicts regarding domestic issues and tariffs. One of the earliest disagreements between the United States and Europe happened in the late 19th century. It was particularly an issue between France and America. There was an influx of American produce (specifically grain) in French territory. This negatively affected the European economy. The divergences have been influenced by agricultural production schemes and globalization trends. Concerning world conflicts, it is common knowledge that a country will engage in war to propagate its resources. Agriculture has always been a strong source of income and sustenance. This field’s status can either cause people to thrive or die due to malnutrition. A number of imperialistic conquests were done to acquire farm lands. In addition, prisoners of war and/or slaves were used as free or cheap labor

Market Research Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Research Paper - Coursework Example This paper will focus on the most significant market research, which the Mander Portman Woodward college business could employ to improve its collection of market research data. Types of research data Market research refers to gathering and analysis of data or information concerning customers, competitors and, or the effectiveness of the business marketing programs. Small-scale business owners conduct market research to evaluate the feasibility of the newly established business, preferences in new services and products, improve the business aspects like consumer services, channels of distribution of products and establish competitive strategies. In this case, the college carries out a market research to enable it to make decisions to respond effectively to the need of customers, and increase their profit. The research is also significant for the college to acquire accurate information about competitors and customers that necessitate the development of a solid marketing plan (Brace, 2 004). The college has to be conversant with their market niche, and the benefit they offer to the market. Market research aids the college hone in the marketplace and directs their operations in relation to the market segment that targets their products and services. The college utilizes both primary and secondary types of market research for data collection. ... Preliminary interactive meetings between the lower-sixth form students, their teachers and parents at the start of every summer term, discussions concerning university application and entrance, student seminars, and student interviews among others are all sources of primary data utilized by the school. It also utilizes secondary data from published examination results, such as, the academic year reports that provide significant information about the performance of the school and the challenges that need to be addressed to improve its general performance. Market research methods The key role of market research is to analyze the requirements of a certain target market, acceptability of services, competition as well as means of establishing and exploiting existing and new markets. Before conducting the research, a comprehensive understanding of the core problem that needs to be solved, the application of market research procedures and the market itself is significant (Grove and Vriens, 2006). The main reason for conducting market research in the school is to achieve a wider understanding of the methods of improving the school performance, and increasing the number of students who pursue the competitive courses. The three methods of research that could be appropriate for the school include primary research, secondary research, focused groups and student interviews. The school could use primary market research to collect original data relevant to the requirements of the students, staff and parents. Primary research entails both quantitative and qualitative categories of research. Quantitative research is based on numerical, statistical analysis and demand measurement of market

Maths in Everyday Life Essay Example for Free

Maths in Everyday Life Essay You may find yourself wondering what use we have for some of the knowledge we obtain from math class in school. It is sometimes difficult for students to appreciate the importance of Mathematics. They often find the subject boring and hard to understand. With this project we will hopefully help our students realize that Mathematics is not just a subject on their time-table but a tool they use in their everyday life. Mathematics is one of the first things you learn in life. Even as a baby you learn to count. Starting from that tiny age you will start to learn how to use building blocks how to count and then move on to drawing objects and figures. Through the years, and probably through the centuries, teachers have struggled to make math meaningful by providing students with problems and examples demonstrating its applications in everyday life. Now, however, technology makes it possible for students to experience the value of math in daily life, instead of just reading about it. Math is everywhere and yet, we may not recognize it because it doesnt look like the math we did in school. Math in the world around us sometimes seems invisible. But math is present in our world all the timein the workplace, in our homes, and in life in general. When you buy a car, follow a recipe, or decorate your home, youre using math principles. This presentation also, is prepared using the principles of math. Math applies to daily life, with sections on gambling odds, buying and leasing cars, population growth, decorating, and cooking. Most sections include hands-on activities. Formulas are a part of our lives. Whether we drive a car and need to calculate the distance, or need to work out the volume in a milk container, algebraic formulas are used every day without you even realizing it. Simply put, mathematics is about relationships. Mathematicians have developed a language of precise relationships, illustrated through their formulas and equations. We live in a world where so far, as we have observed, everything is related and everything is experienced as different. We can learn about relationships in our world by looking at mathematical relationships that seem to match the situation being explored. For instance there is a relationship between distance traveled, time of travel, and speed of travel. Mathematics provides a relatively simple equation: Distance traveled = average speed multiplied by time of travel In simpler mathematical terms, d = s x t Math involves data analysis, number relationships and graphing, patterns and functions, statistics, and measurement. People who use math in their work, it doesnt occur that often that youd need to calculate 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 or 0. 1 x 0. 1 x 0. 1 x 0. 1 x 0. 1 or other such calculations. One example of how math do kind of connect with our everyday lives: when we speak about square feet, square meters, square inches, square miles, square kilometers or any other area units, or when we speak about cubic feet, cubic meters, cubic centimeters or any other such volume units. If you talk about SQUARE shaped areas, for example if you say My room is twelve by twelve square, youre meaning your room is 12 feet x 12 feet, or 122 square feet. I believe one reason that mathematics is not more generally applied has to do with a tendency to ‘think’ of mathematics only in terms of numbers, precision, quantification, and so on. We forget that mathematics is also about relationships, relatedness, relationships between relationships, interconnections, dependency (functions), changing relationships (calculus), factors that constitute relationships (variables), structure (order, relationships), asymmetric relationships (order), (graphical, numerical, and other representations (mapping), increase and decrease (addition, subtraction , multiplication, division, etc. ) and so on. The notion of a â€Å"function† is another mathematical tool we can apply to our everyday situations. Function in mathematics has to do with â€Å"relationships between variables – how a dependent variable changes when related variables change. In a simple equation y=3x, if we change the value of x, then y changes. Y is called the dependent variable, and x the independent variable. In other words the value of y depends on the value we give to x. And in this equation, we can give x any value we choose. In our everyday living, we do many things that are related to other things – although not as precisely as in mathematics – and we give values, assign meanings, and so on. Our whole living involves relationships. Our successes are a function of our efforts. The way others treat us is a function of how we behave towards them. Meanings, values, significance, understanding, etc. , are functions of ‘time’ – more specifically information available at a ‘time’. In a world where as far as we know everything is related, we can learn a lot about our everyday relationships by studying the approaches of a system that deals specifically with relationships. Variables and functions are only two examples of a vast number of other mathematics approaches we can apply to better understanding our everyday relationships. Math applies to daily life, with sections on gambling odds, buying and leasing cars, population growth, decorating, and cooking. Most sections include hands-on activities. One of the most complete and self-sufficient math units on the Web is Project Sky Math: Making Mathematical Connections Using the Science and Language of Patterns to Explore the Weather. They study the history of weather prediction, develop symbol sets, prepare graphs, predict changes, solve problems, and discover rules. General semantics involves applying the methods of science and mathematics to our everyday living. For instance, if we ‘think’ of things – anything – in terms of the â€Å"variable†, we will come to realize that like the mathematical variable that is sometimes a higher value and sometimes a lower value, we should expect things and situations to change. Sometimes this change will occur in the way we like; other times not. Sometimes more than we expect, sometimes less. Sometimes we will observe no significant change. We can expect our moods and ‘feelings’ to vary. ‘Thinking’ in terms of the variable better prepares us to anticipate and manage changes in our lives. This could reduce a great deal of stress in our lives – stress related to our forgetting that thing-processes are not constants. Family, partners, friends, work situations, health, etc. , won’t stay the way we found them or the way we expect them to go. ‘Thinking’ in terms of the variable, we would expect variations in our lives, and situations to vary related to different ‘time’, ‘places’, contexts, and so on. It is important to keep in ‘mind’ that with regards to our everyday relationships, unlike mathematical equations, precision is not the important factor-variable here. Important factors involve recognizing relationships, interconnections, and â€Å"interdependencies†. An important factor is to be aware that we assign our own individual values to what we see, hear, read, and so on. We could avoid, or better manage many conflicts, by remembering variables and functions. There are lots of real uses of mathematics in our life. All the mathematics terms base on counting. Today our all businesses base on counting. There is no concept of business without mathematics. Before the mathematics rules people use barter system. They give their goods to others and take the goods from other people. But this system cannot continue longer when need of humans increased day by day. Now you can think that counting has vital role in our daily life, just imagine if there were no mathematics at all, how it would be possible for us to count days, months and years. There is a cost for everything that we may use or purchase from markets so whats a cost? What are utility bills? Whats the ticket price? These are all applications of mathematics. We cannot deny the importance of mathematics in our daily life. When we got to shop to purchase something we need mathematics. When someone comes to our shop to purchase something we need calculations. There are many uses of mathematics in real life most likely in jobs like accounting, banking , store manager or just working at a simple fast food store. These are very simple applications of mathematics. Mathematics is at the core of all the communication technologies, its used in accounting, finance etc in short we are using mathematics in some form or another everywhere in our daily lives. But the most important use of mathematics in our technologies cannot be contradicted. Our most of the system base on computers and all the computer technology are stands on mathematical rules. All computers work on binary code, code of zero and one. So we cannot deny the importance of mathematics in real life. Everyday life would be quite difficult if you had no knowledge of math. To know whats the time, the most precious thing. On a basic level you need to able to count your money, multiply, subtract and divide. You need knowledge of math if you want to work out how much material to buy for a job. More advanced mathematics is essential if you take up any kind of technical career such as engineering. Working on algebra and geometry also helps with reasoning skills and assists later in life with technical problem solving. Living your day to day life without maths would be extremely difficult. Even if you were a nomad in the desert you would want to count your goats, wouldnt you? The key to opportunity These are the years of small beginnings until the day comes that you have to be able to do something as intricate as algebra. Math is the key that will unlock the door before you. Having the ability to do algebra will help you excel into the field that you want to specialize in. We live in a world where only the best succeed. Having the ability and knowledge to do algebra will determine whether you will take the short cut or the detour in the road of life. Prerequisite for advanced training Most employers expect their employees to be able to do the fundamentals of algebra. If you want to do any advanced training you will have to be able to be fluent in the concept of letters and symbols used to represent quantities. Science Moreover, it is also believed that Mathematics is the mother of all sciences. This also shows us that all the sciences that are evolved have a sound foundation in mathematics, if we go further in debate it would be justified to say that the blessings of all these modern sciences and technologies are only possible with mathematics. Mathematics is used as a problem solver in every field of science. Mathematics is playing a very important role in our daily lives. In fact mathematics is involved directly or indirectly wherever we go and every thing that we may use. When doing any form of science, whether just a project or a lifetime career choice, you will have to be able to do and understand how to use and apply the concepts of math. Analysis When it comes to analyzing anything, whether the cost, price or profit of a business you will need to be able to do math. Margins need to be set and calculations need to be made to do strategic planning and analyzing is the way to do it. Data entry What about the entering of any data. Your use of algebraic expressions and the use of equations will be like a corner stone when working with data entry. When working on the computer with spreadsheets you will need algebraic skills to enter, design and plan. Decision making Decisions like which cell phone provider gives the best contracts to deciding what type of vehicle to buy, you will use algebra to decide which one is the best one. By drawing up a graph and weighing the best option you will get the best value for your money. Interest Rates How much can you earn on an annual basis with the correct interest rate. How will you know which company gives the best if you cant work out the graphs and understand the percentages. In todays life a good investment is imperative. Writing of assignments When writing any assignments the use of graphs, data and math will validate your statements and make it appear more professional. Professionalism is of the essence if you want to move ahead and be taken seriously. Math is basically about solving problems and calculating different things. So if you are good in math, you are good at solving problems and calculating things first hand. Can you see the importance of algebra? Your day can be made a lot easier with planning. In financial decisions this can save you a lot of finances or maybe get you the best price available. It all comes down to planning and using the knowledge and algebraic skills you have to benefit your own life. Use the key you have and make your life a lot smoother. Mathematics is very important for life since it helps us to quantify all the visible and invisible things with which we are dealing in daily life. It is human nature that they do not have complete confidence in the subjective or relative things, in the modern day of today the objective things are preferred and trusted more than the subjective things. Mathematics helps us to have an objective view of the different things we are dealing with. It helps us in making calculations about the things which are not physically developed like for buildings before construction. Living a life unknowing Maths would be living in random oblivion. Mathematics is primarily used for the purpose of scientific calculation of figures and objects. In real life the use of Mathematics can be applicable to every aspect, field, profession and subject etc. In IT field, in Statistics, in Accounts, in Algebra, in Geometry, for instance, Mathematics is used for calculating, multiplying, subtracting, division, differentiating, manipulating and managing the data in desired form. In other professions Mathematics can merely be used for the calculation of currency, recording the profits and loss. In ordinary life Mathematics can be used for the calculation of any specific or general sort. Concisely it can be said that Mathematics can be used for the authentic and scientific variation between and calculation of numbers, amounts, quantities etc; measurements of the frequencies of light and sound, of distance. Maths is all around us. It is present in different forms; it is very important that we take note of it. Things are measured or accurate due to maths. Mathematics has a prominent role to play in our daily life. We even didnt realize that maths is involves in every sort of activities. Whenever we pick up the phone, manage the money, travel to some other place, unintentionally in all these things maths is involved. Another very simple application is calendar year. How we know that today is Tuesday? It was Thursday on May 1, 2012? Its actually mathematics that gives/provides us all this information. Mathematics do play a big part in our daily lives. Mathematical functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and so on are used in our daily activities. From poor to rich , all have to some how use mathematics in their real lives. Consider a housewife, who has to run her house in the given budget. She divides money according to her needs and estimates about the expenses and then spends it according her range. From the advent of civilization, man learn to count using stones and beads. In the earliest civilization, barter-system was used. Now-a-days, all day to day transactions in a multi-national or national companies involve mathematical operations . The application of maths is seen every moment, right from the moment we wake up from bed in the morning till the moment we again go back to bed at night. As soon as we wake up, we first of all give a big yawn-that makes us think for how long we have yawned? 3 to 5 seconds? Here maths comes! Again when we look at the clock, we realise how late we have got up! 8:30 a. m! Here the part called Time of mathematics is put to focus. Even when we brush our teeth, we should know how much amount of toothpaste we must useits written on the tubes that children below the age of 6 years should use only a pea-sized amount of it. Again, we must keep a track of how much time we have to take to brush our teeth. Then comes the time of studying.. we keep a regular routine of how long we must study a particular subject and i often hear my mom saying me. You must keep a little extra time for Maths and Science.. Then comes bathingwe take a certain amount of water which we can count in litres. Now if i have to go on saying for the whole day about the use of maths in real life, i would not be able to complete it in a day! The list is endless. Mathematics is very important for life since it helps us to quantify all the visible and invisible things with which we are dealing in daily life. It is human nature that they do not have complete confidence in the subjective or relative things, in the modern day of today the objective things are preferred and trusted more than the subjective things. Mathematics helps us to have an objective view of the different things we are dealing with. It helps us in making calculations about the things which are not physically developed like for buildings before construction. We do calculations and ensure if their design is safe or not, similarly mathematics helps us to plan things for future either is any production environment for products or services. It helps us to have an idea that how much earning or spending has been done and would it be beneficial to do a certain activity or not. In todays world mathematics is being applied everywhere like in the economy of a country, construction of buildings, marking and evaluation of persons. It would be appropriate to say that mathem atics has helped a lot in achieving the fast speed life with all its comforts and delights If we are quick at mental arithmetic, it will help you a lot in saving hundreds of pounds or dollars in the supermarket. And if you have knowledge of statistics it will help you see through the baloney (non sense, lies) in television adverts or newspapers. You can also understand different kinds of information about the football or cricket team. Even simple maths equations are just around us, like spherical shapes of soap bubbles, ripples on the surface of water. Maths help engineer in making different shapes with geometrical shape the structure of the building was not possible. The beauty of maths is not only around us but a strong know how of maths help us in every day life too. Just start looking around you and you will find that how maths is help full to you in your life We do calculations and ensure if their design is safe or not, similarly mathematics helps us to plan things for future either is any production environment for products or services. It helps us to have an idea that how much earning or spending has been done and would it be beneficial to do a certain activity or not. In todays world mathematics is being applied everywhere like in the economy of a country, construction of buildings, marking and evaluation of persons. It would be appropriate to say that mathematics has helped a lot in achieving the fast speed life with all its comforts and delights. Without math, one would not be able to function in the REAL world. We use math to purchase things we want, we use math to measure, tell time and so on. We all need the basics but having a more advanced knowledge in math such as geometry, algebra and metric system always helps. As they say knowledge is priceless. Without math, one would not be able to function in the real  world. We use math to purchase things we want, we use math to measure, tell time and so on. We all need the basics but having a more advanced knowledge in math such as geometry, algebra and metric system always helps. As they say knowledge is priceless. Without math, one would not be able to function in the real  world. We use math to purchase things we want, we use math to measure, tell time and so on. We all need the basics but having a more advanced knowledge in math such as geometry, algebra and metric system always helps. As they say knowledge is priceless.

Social Policy: Descriptive and Analytical

Social Policy: Descriptive and Analytical Social policy as an academic subject is both descriptive and analytical. Discuss drawing on at least three academic references. In this essay the author will define social policy as an academic subject and show that despite the fact that social policy draws on other academic social science subjects it is different because it is based upon a distinct empirical focus support for the well-being of citizens provided through social action (Alcock 2008:3). The author will show how as an academic subject social policy is both descriptive and analytical and will give examples. Social policy as an academic subject is difficult to describe as it is both the search of theoretical norms on how society should behave and the practical application and implementation of policies, which are considered to be social (Alcock et al 2004:1). The purpose of these policies is to improve welfare and to meet human needs (Blakemore, K. 2003:1). Spicker (2008:1) defines social policy as the study of social services and the welfare state. The study of social policy, originally known as social administration mainly pertains to social services and includes social security, housing, health, social work and education, these being described by Spicker (2008:1) as the big five. Social policy as an academic subject draws on other subjects such as economics, politics, history, psychology and sociology and has been described as a magpie subject by Blakemore (2003:3). These other subjects offer background information about the many aspects required to understand and develop social polic ies such as the effects of industrialisation and changes in social conditions, population changes, concepts of class, status and mobility. Understanding sociology gives a better understanding of industrial relations, minority groups and social control (Titmuss 1974:15). However, social policy as an academic discipline differs from these other subjects because it is based on a distinct empirical focus support for the well-being of citizens provided through social action (Alcock, P. 2008:3). Social policy as an academic subject has been described as the study of policy practice in order to contribute to policy reform. It combines both descriptive and prescriptive elements Becker (2008:11). Carlson (2004:89) contends that the descriptive element of social policy is normally involved in the production of classifications to make comparison easier, or to show the inter-relationships between cases. According to Spicker (2008:2) Titmuss suggested that social policy describes how policies are formulated and the consequences of policies. Social policys main focus is welfare and it describes peoples needs or problems such as poverty, housing, mental illness or disability (Spicker 2008:4). Social policy describes the origin and aims of a policy, how a policy is implemented and the results, either good or bad (Spicker 2008:5). Fitzpatrick (2001:4) wrote that social administration was concerned with the how and the what of social policy . An example of this descriptive element of so cial policy in practice can be found in a background paper on drugs and drug dependence written by Richard Hartnoll (2004). Hartnoll discusses how many people, what type of people use drugs, the type drugs they use, prevention, treatments and reduction in supply. This descriptive data contributes to addressing policy questions in relation to the impact of drug use on individuals and society. Descriptions also help to assess needs and deal with whether or not there are adequate resources to deal with the problem. Hartnoll concluded that although descriptions of the drug situation and policies had improved in Europe, that gaps remained and much more needed to be done in analysing policies. The study of social policy requires the rigorous linking of theoretical analysis with empirical enquiry. Social policy needs to analyse policies, their goals and impacts and consider if these policies achieve their goals, or if not, why not (Bochel 2005:7-8). According to Carlson (2004:88-89) Best and Kellner make a comparison between social theories and road maps, saying that in order to analyse, discuss and intervene in social processes we need to use maps to see how society is structured. Theoretical perspectives or belief systems, referred to as ideologies of welfare (George and Wilding, 1994:1) play an important role in the analytical aspect of social policy. Ideologies have three main components as described by Baldock et al (2007:69-70). The first is a view, which stresses or explains argument without giving weight to other viewpoints. The second is the view of groups or individuals who have something to gain from an argument. The third and final component of an ideology is ho w it deals with more than one issue and refers to a wider set of coherent ideas. Analysing social policies in relation to lesbians, gay men and bisexuals in Ireland show how the ideologies of the Catholic Church have in the past influenced social policy. Sex between men was criminalized in Ireland in 1634 and was punishable by death. Amendments were made to this act broadening the scope from buggery to gross indecency in 1885. With the foundation of the Irish Gay Rights Movement in 1974 came the push to decriminalise homosexuality. David Norris took a case to the High Court in 1977 in which he challenged his constitutional rights of privacy and equality. This case was unsuccessful and the judgement of the High Court included reference to homosexuality been condemned in Christian teaching as being morally wrong. The High Court also judged that homosexuality posed damage to the institution of marriage. The Catholic Churchs ideologies are evident in this judgement. Norris was successfu l in 1988 when he took his case to the European Court of Human Rights. Homosexuality was eventually decriminalized in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act of 1993 (Considine, Dukelow 2009:438-443). In conclusion the author has defined social policy as an academic subject and explained the differences between social policy and other social science subjects. The author has explained how social policy is descriptive and illustrated this with the example from Hartnoll. The author has also shown how social policy is analytical and why when analysing policies consideration must be given to the influence of ideologies as demonstrated with the example given from Considine and Dukelow. List of References Alcock, Cliff., Payne, Sarah., Sullivan, Michael. (2004) Introducing Social Policy, England: Pearson Education Limited Alcock. Pete. (2008) The Subject of Social Policy, p. 3 in Alcock, Pete., May, Margaret and Rowlingson, Karen (eds), The Students Companion to Social Policy, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Baldock, John., (2007) Welfare, Ideology, and Social Theory in Baldock, John., Manning, Nick., Vickerstaff, Sarah., (eds) Social Policy 3rd ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Becker Saul.(2008) Methods and Approaches in Social Policy Research in Alcock, Peter, May. Margaret and Rowlingson, Karen., (eds) The Students Companion to Social Policy 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Blakemore, Kenneth (2003) Social Policy an Introduction 2nd ed, Berkshire: Open University Press Bochel, Hugh (2005) Introducing Social Policy in Bochel, Hugh., Bochel, Catherine., Page, Robert and Sykes, Rob., Social Policy: Issues and Developments, Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Carlson, Judith (2004) Theoretical Principles and Concepts in Alcock, Cliff., Payne, Sarah., Sullivan, Michael., Introducing Social Policy, Essex: Pearson Education Limited Considine, Mairà ©ad., Dukelow, Fiona., (2009) Irish Social Policy, A Critical Introduction Dublin: Gill Macmillan Ltd Fitzpatrick, Tony (2001) Welfare Theory: An Introduction, Campling, Jo (consultant editor) London: Palgrave George, Vic., Wilding, Paul., (1994) Welfare and Ideology Essex: Prentice Hall Europe Hartnoll, Richard (2004) Drugs and drug dependence: linking research, policy and practice, background paper for Pompidou Groups Strategic Conference on connecting research, policy and practice, Strasbourg. Germany: Koelblin-Fortuna-Druck Lavalette, Michael., Pratt, Alan.,(eds) (1998) Social Policy A Conceptual and Theoretical Introduction , London: Sage Publications Inc Spicker, Paul (2008) Social Policy Themes and Approaches 2nd ed, Bristol: The Policy Press Titmuss, Richard. (1974) The International Perspective, in Abel-Smith, Brian and Titmuss, Kay (eds), Social Policy an Introduction, London: Unwin Hyman Ltd

Old Man And The Sea :: essays research papers

In the book, The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway tells a story of an old fisherman. The old man, named Santiago, had gone for eighty-four days without catching a fish. Santiago feels that the following day would be a good day because eighty-five is his lucky number. The following day he gets up before dawn and sets out for a day of fishing. He had set one bait at forty fathoms, the second at seventy-five fathoms, and the third and forth were at one hundred and one hundred and twenty-five fathoms. While Santiago is fishing he sees a bird trying to get a flying fish that was being chased by tuna. The old man tries to put his boat over the school of tuna in hope of getting a catch. Suddenly something hooked itself on the bait that was set at one hundred and twenty-five fathoms. The old man had caught a huge marlin that was now pulling him out to sea. The fish continued to pull the old man out to sea for about 3 days. The old man survived by putting one of his other lines out so th at he could catch fish and eat them in order to keep his strength. On the third day he finally caught the fish. He had pulled the fish in slowly and then threw his harpoon at the fish's heart killing it instantly. The old man tied the fish to the side of his skiff and began to sail home. As he was sailing a shark took a large bite out of the fish he had caught. The old man harpooned the shark in his brain, and as the shark rolled off of the fish it took the old man's harpoon with it. The old man knew that there would be other sharks that would follow the scent of the fish's blood. He tied his knife to the butt of one of his oars. Two more sharks came and the old man killed them both. The second shark broke the blade as it rolled off the fish. Desperate, the old man waited for the other sharks. All he had left was a club, and he was going to use it. More sharks came, but this time in a pack. The old man desperately fought off the shark with his club, but the club was grabbed from his hands.

Commercials Essay -- Advertisement TV Television Essays

Commercials With the increasing impact of media on our lives today it has become easier for companies to manipulate people’s minds through advertisement. With the introduction of TVs in virtually every room in our homes, we are being constantly reached by mind manipulating commercials. This situation has become worse through the introduction of the World Wide Web at many people’s offices or at people’s personal computers at home. The facts show that it is impossible to go through a day without being bombarded with advertisements unless you live in the deepest part of the Amazon and even then it is likely that an American Express Employee will find you to hand you a replacement for your recently lost American Express credit card. Since it is so easy to reach virtually every age group through commercials, companies target specific audiences in their commercials to increase their profits. In fact you will observe that companies with big advertisement budgets will produce different commercials for different times of the day to target their desired audience. Also, most companies will advertise specific products to specific audiences; however, Nike, one of the most well known and biggest companies in the world today, spends most of its advertisement budget to increase the value of its brand name. It does so through providing an image of being cool, or an appeal to people’s emotions. Nike also tries to affiliate itself with the best players in all sports in order to provide credibility for the quality of their products in general. In 2002 Nike produced a commercial for the soccer world cup. For this commercial Nike gathered twenty-four of the best soccer players from around the globe to play in a tournament format nobody has e... ...nce and to convey an image of being a cool brand clearly shows that Nike’s priority is not to sell only one specific product at a time but to keep their customers loyal to their brand so they do not have to worry about individual products since no matter what kind of equipment Nike produces, as long as it has the Nike symbol on it, it will self itself automatically due to the brands fame. Overall, I think Nike’s advertisement goal can plainly describes as an attempt to â€Å"outscore† everybody else. Works Cited Nike. â€Å"Ball Tricks†. Advertisement. TNT. Phoenix. 1 March 2002. Nike. â€Å"Ball Tricks Bloopers†. Advertisement. HBO. Tallahassee. 1 September 2002. Nike. â€Å"Hello World†. Advertisement. CBS. Atlanta. 1 March 1997. Nike. â€Å"World Cup Spot 1994†. Advertisement. USA. Miami. 1 July 1994. Nike. â€Å"World Cup Spot 2002†. Advertisement. FOX. New York. 1 July 2002.