Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Portfolio - Essay Example ess overflow, they might be limited to utilize it.Their principle point isn't to be fruitful as far as success, yet to offer an incentive to the gatherings of individuals they manage. These associations focus to help individuals comprehensively (Neal, 2001). In addition, associations are self-administering meaning they are discrete from the administration and they control their own exercises and furthermore non-necessary including some significant degree of deliberate administrations. This is the fascination of assets from different sources to non-benefit associations. An organization’s assets are gotten from the correspondence of its needs. These associations have distinctive showcasing methodologies that are used to get cash or incomes while spending little of what they have. For a non-benefit association to be financed it ought to decide if the motivation behind being financed is practical monetarily. It ought to guarantee that it shows some upper hand to guarantee program feasibility. Advertisers find out about the partners who are included for the course of the association. The office of these non-benefit associations comprehend the universe of advertising and strategies more than they are given credits and are better than numerous establishments might suspect and they should be dealt with and furthermore comprehend that an office may need to raise reserves. Correspondence program: According to McLeish (2011), showcasing can be viewed as an orderly way of thinking and approach utilized in doing business. Understand that advertising requires connecting business exercises and strengthening the premises that every region of the board has an undertaking to play to have a fruitful activity. Evaluating: In non-benefit associations, cost is the connection between the asset allotment and the asset fascination. The company’s cost of an item permits it to pull in a larger number of assets than what they use in the creation. A portion of these associations utilize more than one body electorate benefactors and customers to get more assets for the everyday

Critical Thinking Assignment: Buddhism

1. The subject of Origin-Those who follow Buddhism have confidence that the universe and god are very much the same. (Weider and Gutierrez, 201, 56) Buddhist go to the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama otherwise called Buddha to live right and at death get away from the course of karma. After death, they trust they will get one with the universe. 2. The topic of character The subject of personality in Buddhism is replied in their conviction that every living thing are equivalent. They trust you should live as per the lessons of Buddha so as to get away from karma and resurrection in the afterlife. . The subject of significance/reason For Buddhist the essential objective is to arrive at Nirvana and end all close to home anguish. So as to end enduring one must dispense with every physical want and follow the lessons of Buddha which comprises of the â€Å"Four Noble Truths† and the â€Å"Noble Eightfold Path†. 4. The subject of ethical quality Because Buddhist think everything is sacrosanct they follow the †Ethical Code† educated in the â€Å"Eightfold Path† which involves avoid all types of wickedness. The significant focuses in the â€Å"ethical code† are; one must shield from taking a person’s life, taking, shameless sexual conduct, lying and inebriation. 5. The subject of predetermination Buddha dismissed the thought Hindus hold about karma, which expresses that an individual will keep on being resurrected all through time. He accepted that one could escape through the forswearing of individual wants which lead to disappointment since nothing in this world endures. Buddha instructed that everybody could arrive at Nirvana as long as they lived right. When they arrive at Nirvana adherents will live in a state where one feel neither detest nor love. Section 2: Compare and Contrast 1. The subject of root Christians trust God is the maker of the universe and everything in it. Buddhist devotees follow the possibility that the universe and everything in it are indeed the very same. To the Buddhist everything has consistently existed not at all like for Christians who accept there was a starting which is clarified in the book of Genesis. 2. The topic of Identity-In Genesis 1:27 the book of scriptures expresses that we are made in the picture of God. Similarly as we acquire attributes from our folks we acquire characteristics from God. Buddhist accept people and creatures are unified with the universe and both are equivalent in significance. 3. The subject of importance and reason For Christian’s the significance and motivation behind people is found in John 17:3. John reveals to us that we are to know God through his Son Jesus Christ. We are to have a nearby personal connection with God. As represetatives of Christ we are to proceed to convey to the world what we think about Jesus, who makes this relationship with God conceivable. Buddhist don't put stock in an individual God. They accept god is removed and doesn't become included by and by engaged with people’s lives. The Buddhist accept their principle reason in to get away from the karma and arrive at Nirvana where they will live with no craving. 4. The topic of ethical quality Without God we can't figure out what activities are good and bad (Weider and Gutierrez, 2011, p 61) Christian adherents follow the expression of God as a manual for live their live. The book of scriptures calls devotees to cherish God and to adore their neighbor as they love themselves. These two decrees shields adherents from erring against their neighbor. Buddhist adherent to Buddha’s â€Å"Four Noble Truths† and the â€Å"Eight Noble Truths†. Their â€Å"Ethical Conduct† area says an individual should maintain â€Å"right discourse, right activity, and right vocation. † These codes will free an individual from the pattern of karma. Not at all like Christians Buddhist don't trust in absolution the manner in which Jesus offers it. Anyway the two convictions concur that regard is unavoidable to live in harmony. 5. The subject of fate Christians have confidence in paradise and damnation. The distinction in where an individual will go relies upon their acknowledgment in Jesus as Lord and Savior of their lives. Atonement of wrongdoing is trailed by the pardoning of Christ. A Christian will live forever in paradise in the event that they acknowledge the absolution offered by Jesus Christ. Buddhist accept â€Å"salvation† must be worked out. As indicated by the lessons of Buddha anybody can arrive at Nirvana as long as the individual attempts to carry on â€Å"right† during their lifetime.

Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss

Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print Turning to Adderall for Weight Loss By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Back in the 1950s and 60s, doctors would prescribe amphetamines for weight loss.?? That practice was ended by law when the addictive nature of these drugs was proven. Today, Adderall prescribed for ADHD is sometimes used non-medically for its weight loss support properties. Adderall contains  amphetamine  and has the typical amphetamine effect of suppressing appetite. Some people turn to this Adderall diet or speed diet to lose weight, although no doctor would prescribe the drug for that purpose.?? With many people prescribed Adderall appropriately for ADHD, it is also not a surprise that people who use it for nonmedical purposes often get it from friends and family members or can easily buy it on the street. The risks of taking Adderall for weight loss include serious psychiatric and medical conditions. Adderall Effects and Nonmedical Use Adderall, when used properly and as prescribed, can be beneficial for treating ADHD. Unfortunately, there are those who abuse stimulants. Adderall abuse  and the misuse of similar stimulants  are seen in about 3.4 percent of those age 12 and older,  according to a study published in 2013.?? Adderall has the effect of increasing dopamine signaling in the brain. This can give a feeling of euphoria and being energized. The physical effects include raising the heart rate and blood pressure, constricting blood vessels, opening breathing passages, and increasing blood glucose. It can have the effect of suppressing appetite, which can result in eating less. People taking Adderall for ADHD may experience weight loss due to the appetite suppression side effect even if they werent trying to lose weight.?? According to a  study published in 2013, most people who take Adderall non-medically give the reason of improving their productivity, with fewer saying they use it for weight loss. Differences Between Strattera and Adderall Risks and Consequences of Nonmedical Use of Adderall Adderall is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ADD / ADHD.?? Using the drug for another purpose is not only unwise, but it is also dangerous. When taken at higher than the prescribed dosage, Adderall can be psychologically and physically addictive. In addition, some longer-term abusers need to take increasing amounts in order to get the same appetite suppression.?? They may even turn to sleeping pills to counteract Adderalls stimulant effect. If Adderall pills are taken as prescribed, they slowly and steadily give a therapeutic effect to the brain. When used at higher doses and when people misuse them by taking them through different routes, the effects are larger and more immediate, which is believed to increase the risk of addiction. Abuse can lead to malnutrition, feelings of hostility, paranoia, heart complications, and stroke.?? Once you abuse stimulants chronically, you can have withdrawal symptoms when you stop using them. It is a better choice to avoid stimulants for the purpose of appetite suppression and rely on non-drug tactics for weight loss.

Martha Jefferson Wife of Thomas Jefferson

Known for: wife of Thomas Jefferson, died before he took office as U.S. President.Dates: October 19, 1748 - September 6, 1782Also known as: Martha Eppes Wayles, Martha Skelton, Martha Eppes Wayles Skelton JeffersonReligion: Anglican Background, Family Father: John Wayles (1715-1773; English immigrant, barrister, and landowner)Mother: Martha Eppes Wayles (1712-1748; daughter of English immigrants)John Wayles and Martha Eppes married on May 3, 1746Martha Jefferson had ten half-siblings: one (who died young) from her fathers second marriage to Mary Cocke; three half-sisters from her fathers third marriage to Elizabeth Lomax; and three half-sisters and three half-brothers by her fathers slave and mistress, Betsy Hemings; one of the half-sisters was Sally Hemings, later a mistress of Thomas Jefferson. Marriage, Children Husband: Thomas Jefferson (married January 1, 1772; Virginia planter, lawyer, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Virginia governor, and, after Marthas death, U.S. President)Five children: only two survived to adulthood:Martha Patsy Jefferson (1772-1836; married Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.)Mary Maria or Polly Jefferson Eppes (1778-1804; married John Wayles Eppes)Jane Randolph Jefferson (1774-1775)unnamed son (1777)Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (1780-1781)Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (1782-1785) Martha Jefferson Biography Martha Jeffersons mother, Martha Eppes Wayles, died less than three weeks after her daughter was born. John Wayles, her father, married two more times, bringing two stepmothers into young Marthas life: Mary Cocke and Elizabeth Lomax. Martha Eppes had also brought to the marriage an African slave, a woman, and that womans daughter, Betty or Betsy, whose father was the English captain of the slave ship, Captain Hemings. Captain Hemings tried to buy the mother and daughter from John Wayles, but Wayles refused. Betsy Hemings later had six children by John Wayles who were thus half-siblings of Martha Jefferson; one of them was Sally Hemings (1773-1835), who was later to play an important part in the life of Thomas Jefferson. Education and First Marriage Martha Jefferson had no known formal education but was tutored at her family home, The Forest, near Williamsburg, Virginia. She was an accomplished pianist and harpsichordist. In 1766, at 18, Martha married Bathurst Skelton, a neighboring planter, who was the brother of her stepmother Elizabeth Lomaxs first husband. Bathurst Skelton died in 1768; they had one son, John, who died in 1771. Thomas Jefferson Martha married again, on New Years Day, 1772, this time to a lawyer and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, Thomas Jefferson. They went to live in a cottage on his land where he would later build the mansion, at Monticello. The Hemings Siblings When Martha Jeffersons father died in 1773, Martha and Thomas inherited his land, debts, and slaves, including five of Marthas Hemings half-sisters and half-brothers. Three-quarters white, the Hemingses had a more privileged position than most slaves; James and Peter served as cooks at Monticello, James accompanying Thomas to France and learning culinary arts there. James Hemings and an older brother, Robert, were eventually freed. Critta and Sally Hemings took care of Martha and Thomas two daughters, and Sally accompanied them to France after Marthas death. Thenia, the only one sold, was sold to James Monroe, a friend and fellow Virginia, and another future President. Martha and Thomas Jefferson had five daughters and one son; only Martha (called Patsy) and Maria or Mary (called Polly) survived to adulthood. Virginia Politics Martha Jeffersons many pregnancies were a strain on her health. She was often ill, including once with smallpox. Jeffersons political activities often took him away from home, and Martha likely accompanied him sometimes. He served, during their marriage, in Williamsburg as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, in Williamsburg and then Richmond as Virginias governor, and in Philadelphia as a member of the Continental Congress (where he was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence in 1776). He was offered a position as commissioner to France but turned it down to remain near his wife. The British Invade In January 1781, the British invaded Virginia, and Martha had to flee from Richmond to Monticello, where her youngest baby, just months old, died in April. In June, the British raided Monticello and the Jeffersons escaped to their Poplar Forest home, where Lucy, 16 months old, died. Jefferson resigned as governor. Marthas Last Child In May of 1782, Martha Jefferson bore another child, another daughter. Marthas health was irreparably damaged, and Jefferson described her condition as dangerous. Martha Jefferson died on September 6 of 1782, at 33. Their daughter, Patsy, later wrote that her father isolated himself in his room for three weeks of grief. Thomas and Marthas last daughter died at three of whooping cough. Polly and Patsy Jefferson accepted the position as commissioner to France. He brought Patsy to France in 1784 and Polly joined them later. Thomas Jefferson never remarried. He became U.S. President in 1801, nineteen years after Martha Jefferson died. Maria (Polly) Jefferson married her first cousin John Wayles Eppes, whose mother, Elizabeth Wayles Eppes, was a half-sister of her mother. John Eppes served in the U.S. Congress, representing Virginia, for a time during Thomas Jeffersons presidency, and he stayed with his father-in-law at the White House during that time. Polly Eppes died in 1804, while Jefferson was president; like her mother and maternal grandmother, she died shortly after giving birth. Martha (Patsy) Jefferson married Thomas Mann Randolph, who served in Congress during Jeffersons presidency. She became, mostly through correspondence and his visits to Monticello, his advisor and confidante. Widowed before he became President (Martha Jefferson was the first of six wives to die before their husbands became president), Thomas Jefferson asked Dolley Madison to serve as the public hostess at the White House. She was the wife of James Madison, then Secretary of State and the highest-ranking cabinet member; Jeffersons vice-president, Aaron Burr, was also widowed. During the winters of 1802-1803 and 1805-1806, Martha (Patsy) Jefferson Randolph lived at the White House and was the hostess for her father. Her child, James Madison Randolph, was the first child born at the White House. When James Callender published an article claiming that Thomas Jefferson had fathered children by his slave, Patsy Randolph, Polly Eppes, and Patsys children came to Washington to make a show of family support, accompanying him to public events and religious services. Patsy and her family lived with Thomas Jefferson during his retirement at Monticello; she struggled with the debts incurred by her father, which eventually led to the sale of Monticello. Patsys will included an addendum, written in 1834, with a wish that Sally Hemings be freed, but Sally Hemings died in 1835 before Patsy did in 1836.

Questions On Mba International Business - 1822 Words

Coursework Header Sheet 219510-110 Course BUSI1604: Fdns of Scholarship Res Course School/Level B/PG Coursework Topic review Assessment Weight 0.00% Tutor Khairy Eteiwy Submission Deadline 15/10/2014 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student s own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University s Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. 000851915 Tutor s comments Grade Awarded___________ For Office Use Only__________ Final Grade_________ Moderation required: yes/no Tutor______________________ Date _______________ Course: MBA International Business Subject: BUSI 1604 ID No: 000851915 TOPIC REVIEW: The ability to innovate is becoming a critical indicator of business success. Discuss in relation to two sectors. Introduction In the present global business world every organisation needs to become a successor. To gain the business success everyone has to adopt innovation in their organizational structure. The word innovation has derived from the Industrial revolution, which had taken placed in Nineteenth Century. After the Industrial Revolution, it was observed that there was a growth in the economy as well as progress in the living standards of human societies dueShow MoreRelatedMba Vs. Ms Degree1071 Words   |  5 PagesI get this question a lot: What is the difference between an MBA and an MS Degree? Should I go for a Master of Science or MBA (Master of Business Administration)? And that s why I m writing this article. If you re here for the same purpose, read on Getting your masters degree requires a huge investment of your time and a large amount of change you must need, to actually find the answer to your question: Master of Science or MBA which you should pursue? 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As a Military Police and Prison Guard, my duties included managing daily operations and briefings for three Admirals regarding personnel, ships, submarines, and aircraft s. Addition missions performed where various duties in regard to tracking aircraft activity during Counterdrug Operations. My goals are to acquire a Master’s degree in Business Administration (MBA), certification for (CAPM) Certified Associate in Project Management and Business Analyst, andRead MoreEthics, Corporate Social Responsibility And Fiduciary Responsibilities Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership in business† (Archbishop of Wales calls for ethical business). It is probably the case that all businesses should sign the oath, this gives consumers to show that they are dedicated to being an ethical business. There are numerous of old businesses that can steer the new business in an unethical direction in this field. 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Compromising Development the Language of Instruction Dilemma Free Essays

Tayebwa Morris Compromising development: The Language of Instruction dilemma in Tanzania. Introduction Following release of the Tanzania 2012 Form IV results by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training on February 18, the media and the general public have been frantically discussing the fact that up to 60 % of the students who sat last years’ ‘O’ level final failed the exam. i This has once again raised a lot of concern in and around Tanzania from educators, parents and policy makers. We will write a custom essay sample on Compromising Development: the Language of Instruction Dilemma or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among many reasons given for the failure, that has in fact been increasing every year are factors like; shortage of quality teachers, poor infrastructure and study tools. The reason that stands out however, is the poor proficiency of secondary school students in English, the language of instruction. In fact studies have shown that the same students do much better in primary school where they are taught and examined in Kiswahili, the national language. The Tanzanian Dilemma Inspite of incessant advice by policy makers and educators for a complete adoption of Kiswahili as the only medium of instruction at all levels, the Tanzanian government has upheld the bilingual education system and English is continually used as a language of instruction for all post-primary school education. In fact early research agrees with the promotion of Kiswahili as the appropriate choice as a language of instruction. However, going by the advances of education worldwide where especially tertiary education is becoming more globalised, wouldn’t it be regressive to adopt a language of instruction that is limited to just one country? Unless we of course consider that the returns from quality secondary education would be sufficient for Tanzania without regarding the effect on tertiary education. Or maybe higher education would also have to adopt Kiswahili as a language of instruction. This is before we consider the feasibility of such a transformation most importantly in terms of presence and quality of secondary school and higher education tools such as curricula, textbooks, teaching guides and manuals and obviously teachers trained to instruct post – primary levels. Or maybe the country should take the bitter pill and adopt English as a language of instruction on all levels. In this paper, I will try to delve into previous research on this matter and find a relation etween the language of instruction and effect on developmental outcomes of Tanzania both in terms of human capital growth and general wellbeing of citizens. Does the language of instruction really matter? From the human capital rationale, language does matter. â€Å"Human capital† refers to the set of skills a person acquires mainly through education and training to aid his/her productivity and attain greater compensation in the labour market (Becker 1964). Proficiency in a language of instruction (reading, writing, oral expression) is a skill vital to the development of human capital. As explained by Chiswick and Miller (1995), the language skill â€Å"satisfies the three criteria that define human capital,† that is, the costs involved in the creation of language skills, the skills that serve a productive purpose relevant to economic activity in the labour market; and the fact that all that is embodied in a person. As demonstrated by Samuel O. Ortiz (2004) in his assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse students, language of instruction also determines the competence of students in relation to the improvement of their cognitive skills, a means and end to the means of quality education. By discussing cognitive skills and quality education, we get closer to the effect of language of instruction on the development of individuals and societies, both socio-economic and general well-being. According to Hanushek and Kim (1995) and Hanushek and Woessmann (2007), quality of education is a measure of labour force quality based on the cognitive skills attained. Therefore, such big failure rates, and reports that most students failed to write anything in last year’s exam, and either resorted to cheating, writing funny verses and abuses spells a bad image for the Tanzanian education system and leaves us to wonder what kind skills are the students getting anyway. Undeniably, research over the years has shown that standards of English education are inadequate thus affecting the general performance of most post-primary students (Mlama and Matteru 1977, Criper and Dodd 1984, Roy-Campbell 1997, Martha Quorro (2013). In fact it was found that students perform much better under the medium of Swahili and that nearly 75 percent of teaching, especially in the early stages of secondary education, was being done in Swahili rather than English or sometimes with massive code switching involved (Rugemalira et al 1990). ii Students therefore receive a large part of their education in the local language yet assignments, tests and even national exams are written in English. This, as a result handicaps students with low proficiency and leads such to high failure rates. This goes on to not only affect the education system but the students as well. For example, after such failure, most students drop out of schools even without qualifications, girls are married off at an early age by parents who are not seeing direct returns from the education, boys resort to lower income jobs for survival and this ultimately also affects the motivation of other students to join secondary school. As a result, Tanzania has the lowest secondary school enrolment in the region (World Bank, 2009). The government has however ignored research findings and the sociolinguistic reality by maintaining a weak bilingual instruction format. It makes no sense teaching in a language that children are not understanding. In fact the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training has in the past proposed starting English as Language of Instruction from nursery school all through to tertiary education (MoEVT, 2009). Tangled in this predicament, there is also an inequality dimension. Studies have shown that many wealthy Tanzanian parents send their children to better performing private schools, as well as to schools in the neighbouring countries, in order to have their children exposed to English-medium education in primary school (Mazrui 1997, Cox and Jimenez 1991). In a country where there are better opportunities for the English proficient workforce, the foreign trained students consequently have more valuable capital and better potential to get better paying jobs and thus opportunities are still in the hands of the already privileged. The uncertain future From the aforementioned studies, it is clear that adoption of Swahili as the language of instruction in secondary schools, will lead to better outcomes in terms of effective transfer of information, legibility, improved education and a more productive population. On the other hand, emphasis on English, just like in other neighbouring countries will likewise improve the skills needed to compete globally especially in tourism and other export-oriented investments, broaden other labour- market opportunities, and close the socioeconomic classes’ gap that exists between the English currently proficient labour force and the general public. In my opinion and as discussed by Batibo (1990) a bilingual system can still be maintained but the government will need to invest more in promoting the learning of English at pre- primary level to better prepare the students to the reality of an English post primary education. However as this paper has shown, even with a plethora of research on this matter, the Tanzanian government is faced with the dilemma of choosing a curriculum policy that should emphasize a well understood and better performing language or one that is used widely around the world especially in economic, scientific and technological circles. NOTES i The breakdowns by divisions are as follows: division 1-1,641; division 2-6,453; division 3- 15,426; division 4103,327, and division 0-240,903. By gender for those who passed i. e. received divisions 1-3: girls =7, 178 and boys = 16, 342. That means 5. 6% of those who sat for this exam passed (divisions 1-3), it only when division 4 (the worst possible grade) is included that failure rate reduces to 60% otherwise with division 4 included, failure rate is actually 94. 4%. ii Code switching is the practice of alternating between two languages to ease communication. References Barro R (1999). Human Capital and Growth in Cross Country Regressions, Swedish Economic Policy Review, 6, 237-77. Barry R. Chiswick and Paul W. Miller (1995). The Endogeneity between Language and Earnings, Journal of Labor Economics, 13, 248. Batibo, H. M. (1990). English language teaching and learning in Tanzanian primary schools. Language in Education in Africa: A Tanzanian Perspective. Ed. C. M. Becker, Gary. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cox, Donald and Emmanuel Jimenez. (1991). The Relative Effectiveness of Private and Public Schools: Evidence from Two Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics 34:99-121. Criper, C. and William Dodd (1984). Report on the Teaching of English and its Use as a Medium of Instruction in Tanzania, ODA/ British Council. Education in Africa: A Tanzanian Perspective. Ed. C. M. Rubagumya. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 1990. Hanushek E and Kim D (1995), Schooling Labour Force Quality and Economic Growth, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 399, Cambridge, MA. Hanushek E and Woessmann L (2008). The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development, Journal of Economic Literature, 46, 607-668. Martha A. S. Qorro, (2013). Language of instruction in Tanzania: Why are research findings not heeded? International Review of Education Mazrui, Alamin. The World Bank, the language question and the future of African education. Race and Class 38. 3 (1997): 35-48. Mlama, Penina na May Matteru (1977). Haja ya kutumia Kiswahili kufundishia elimu ya juu, a research report commissioned by BAKITA, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. MoEVT (2009). Sera ya Elimu na Mafunzo (2009), Rasimu ya I. Toleo Jipya, Juni, 2009. Ortiz O. Samuel, Comprehensive Assessment of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Student: A Systematic, Practical Approach for Non-discriminatory Assessment Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists. Qorro (eds. ): Language of Instruction in Tanzania and South Africa. (LOITASA) Dar es Salaam: E D Limited. pp. 149 – 170. Roy-Campbell, Zaline Makini and Martha. Qorro, (1997). The Language Crisis in Tanzania: the Myth of English versus Education, DSM: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. Rubagumya, Casmir (2003). English medium primary schools in Tanzania: a new â€Å"linguistic market† in education? In: Brock-Utne, Birgit, Zubeida Desai and Martha Rubagumya. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters. Rugemalira, J. M, C. M. Rubagumya, M. K. Kapinga, A. F. Lwaitama and J. G. Tetlow. Reflections on recent developments in language policy in Tanzania. Language in World Bank, (2009) World Bank Indicators – Tanzania accessed on 15. 03. 2013 from http://www. tradingeconomics. com/tanzania/school-enrollment-secondary-femalepercent-gross-wb-data. html How to cite Compromising Development: the Language of Instruction Dilemma, Essay examples

Arugementive research papermarijuana Essay Example For Students

Arugementive research papermarijuana Essay Thesis: Should marijuana be legalized and can it be used in positive ways? In 1937, the Marijuana Tax Stamp Act prohibited the use, sale, and cultivation of hemp/marijuana in the United States. Marijuana is a drug that is highly used through out the world. It comes from the cannabis plant. THC which stands for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the major psychoactive ingredient. Over sixty five million Americans today use marijuana. Today it is a lot stronger than how it used to be in the 1970s because of careful cultivation. It can be smoked threw a pipe, joint, or it can even be used as an ingredient in food. Although the effect it has as an ingredient isnt as strong as it would be if you smoked it. It all depends on how long the person smoking it holds in it their lungs. The more you hold it in the more the drug gets into your bloodstream. Marijuana is not just a drug to be used as to get high with. It is a drug that needs to become legal so it can help heal people with certain disea ses and it can be useful for industrial reasons as well. There are different feelings a person can have when you use marijuana. In low to moderate doses, marijuana typically creates a mild sense of euphoria, a sense of slowed time, a dreamy sort of self-absorption, and some impairment in thinking and communicating (Hales 491). Usually the sense of being high happens within thirty minutes and usually lasts about three hours. Sometimes when someone is new at smoking marijuana they can experience an anxiety attack. The immediate physical effects of marijuana include increased pulse rate, bloodshot eyes, dry mouth and throat, slowed reaction times, impaired motor skills, increase appetite, and diminished short-term memory (Hales 492). Some of these effects can help someone as unbelievable as it seems. If marijuana is more harmful to society than the laws, then the laws should be retained. If the laws are more harmful than the substance, the laws should be changed (Rosenthal 1). Marijuana can reduce suffering for some illnesses out there today. A cancer patient by the name of Richard Brookhiser responded to the contention that marijuana has not allowed the necessary testing. He also rejected the argument that allowing sick people to use the drug would encourage people to use take the drug. In November 1996, the voters of California and Arizona make it legal to use marijuana as a medicine. The Clinton administration said these actions were too rash. But for me, they came in the wrong states and four years too late. In 1992, my doctor in New York told me that I had metastasized testicular cancer, which required chemotherapy. To deal with the resulting nausea, I took legal antiemetic drugs, but after a while they didnt work. Then, I turned to pot (qtd. In Bender 149). Brookhiser had used marijuana to help him have cravings for food. When someone goes threw chemotherapy you lose your appetite and you are really nauseated. Marijuana can increase your appetite and help you want to eat your food. Cancer patients are not the only sick people who get relief from smoking pot. It has a wide variety of therapeutic applications, and is frequently beneficial in treating many conditions. Some are people who have the AIDS virus, it can help them reduce the nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite caused by the ailment itself and by treatment with AZT and other medicines. It can help people with Asthma. Several studies have shown that THC reacts as a bronchodilator and reverses bronchial constriction. Although conventional bronchodilators work faster, THC has been shown to last longer and with considerable less risk (Rosenthal 68). New evidence has shown that marijuana is an autoimmune modulator in arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Marijuana can alleviate the debilitating, chronic pain caused by myriad disorders and injuries. Marijuana has been shown to help gently and naturally for people with depression and other mood disorders. In contrast, con ventional antidepressant drugs like lithium, tricyclics, and MAO inhibitors have serious health risks and side effects (Rosenthal 68). Marijuana is used to prevent both grande mal and other epileptic seizures in some patients. Other patients find that they can reduce dosage of other medications while using cannabis (Rosenthal 68). In Glaucoma marijuana can reduce intracular, alleviating pain and slowing (and sometimes stopping) the progress of the condition (Rosenthal 69). Other things like labor pains, menstrual cramps, muscle spasms and migraine headaches are all things that marijuana can help alleviate the pain. Many paraplegics and quadriplegics have discovered that cannabis not only relieves their pain more safely than opiates, but also suppresses their muscle twitches and tremors. Insomnia is a disorder where you have serious trouble sleeping. Researches have shown that pot can help people sleep, with out side effects or tolerance problems of other hypnotics. Cannanbidiol is t he active ingredient in pot, which induces sleep. In 1988, Judge Francis Young of the DEA found marijuana to be the safest therapeutic substance know to man and urged its reclassification and distribution for medical uses. Marijuana prohibition depends on the drugs demonization. In the name of sustaining the drug war, we are taught that marijuana is lethal, carcinogenic and addictive. While marijuana has its risks, especially for children, none of this is true. Neither is it most half the oncologists who answered a Harvard Medical school survey said they would prescribe marijuana for relief of chemotherapy side effects where it was legal, and most had already recommended it to their patients (Bender 161). Cannabis and hemp are the same. Marijuana was the Mexican name given to cannabis. Cannabis was first cultivated in China around 4000 B.C. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp. Washington, our first president, declared, Make the most of the hemp seed. Sow it everywhere. Hemp seed is natures perfect food. The oil from hemp seeds has the highest percentage of essential fatty acids and the lowest percentage of saturated fats (Potter 29). Sterilized hemp seed is commonly sold as bird seed (Potter 95). It is really too bad that people didnt take Washingtons wisdom of advice. Since hemp was made illegal, petrochemicals came to dominance. Instead of natural hemp, we turned plastics and polyester made from mostly foreign oil (Rosenthal 60). So many trees are cut down each year and used for paper. Hemp only takes about six months to reach maturity, is a fine substitute for wood pulp (Rosenthal 60). Industrial hemp is very clean and so easy to grow. It is one of the most environmentally sound sources of industrial fiber in the world (Rosenthal 61). Hemp fabrics are far stronger and more resistant to mold than any other natural fiber. Builders in France and Germany use hemp for construction material, replacing dry wall and plywood (Rosenthal 63). In 1991 the U.S. hemp industry grossed about five million. In 1995 it was a fifty million industry. There are already several clothing industries that are producing hemp clothing and shoes. There are so many other things that marijuana can be used for and help. Marijuana would also be a huge help in the economy as well. Despite the fact that there is no evidence that pot has ever caused a single death and that there is clear evidence that cannabis is actually useful in treating certain medical conditions, the federal government continues to spend millions of dollars each year to eradicate plants and harass users. In 1992, according to the FBI, 535,000 people were arrested for possession, sale, or manufacture of marijuana. In six cases, life sentences were imposed (qtd. In Rosenthal 37). Marijuana prohibition is costing taxpayers billions each year in enforcement costs. It is also costing us billions of dollars in missed opportunities in taxes, profits, and wages. If marijuana were legalized, pr obably the first economic effect to be felt would be a significant drop in price because of elimination of the risk factor incidental to contraband substances (Rosenthal 38). Take the example of when alcohol prohibition was ended. The cost of liquor plummeted to about a third of its black market cost. The second effect it would have on the economy would likely be greater availability of supply, and so increased usage. Using a conservative fifty percent reduction in marijuana prices to the consumer and a relatively small increase in amount bought, the marijuana industry could gross fifty to fifty-three billion year (Rosenthal 40). The third effect would be a new tax revenue stream for governments. Just take a look at the experience with the vice taxes on cigarettes, liquor, and other substances the government controls. There is no doubt that the marijuana industry is here to stay and is part of the nations economic life. This industry is unique in that is subject to no government reg ulation regarding consumer protection, quality of product, distribution, imports, and taxation (Rosenthal 46). If the industry remains illegal, it will continue to produce revenue, and profits, but United States society will lose out on the economic benefits. Marijuana needs to stay illegal because it is a negative change. Yes, there are some negative sides to marijuana becoming legal but everything has a negative side effect to them. There will always be this argument. Some people say that marijuana provides no medical benefits (Randall 40). There are thoughts that all the medical uses for marijuana would just be excuses to get high. Some users may be under the delusion they are being helped, but pot users typically smoke for the THC while still taking the standard medication got their disease (Bender 155).Listing the negative effects that marijuana have is no different in any arguementive situation. There are always two sides to a matter. Some people say that using marijuana for i llness would be like a physician prescribing moldy bread (containing penicillin) for pneumonia or suggesting cigarette smoking for stress or weight loss (Bender 155). Some doctors are just nave about the damage that marijuana causes or perhaps are users themselves. Yes, marijuana does have some side effects. These side effects are a negative downfall to making it legal. Individuals who smoke this drug heavily can feel a lessening or loss of pleasure in activities, and persistent attention and memory problems. Chronic marijuana use seems to impair thinking, reading comprehension, verbal and mathematical skills, coordination, and short-term memory. Some long-term regular users of marijuana may experience burnout, a dulling of their senses and responses termed motivational syndrome (Hales 492). You really have to look at these effects for people who are abusing the drug. The writer of this essay is not saying make marijuana legal so anyone can get it and just use it to get high. Mariju ana needs to be legal for medication purposes and its use for the hemp seed. Almost any type of medication you get prescribed will have a side effect, so there is no difference in marijuana having a side effect compared to any other drug. Chronic use can also lead to bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. Smoking a single joint can be as damaging to the lungs as smoking five tobacco cigarettes (Hales 492). Cigarettes cause lung cancer and are one of the leading causes of heart attacks, yet cigarettes are legal. There are so many contradicting points that can be made with this issue. Yes, there are several reasons why marijuana remains illegal. The most powerful of these is the combined law enforcement-judiciary-penal systems. This group sees the elimination of marijuana laws as a threat to their jobs. Add to this group defense lawyers, who stand to make millions of dollars defending marijuana offenders. Consciously or not, they support anti-marijuana laws (Rosenthal 2). Another reas on is because the government funds marijuana research. If marijuana were legalized, they would lose millions of dollars in research grants intended to prove the deleterious effects of the herb. This is a perfect example though of how selfish the government is with their money. They only care about losing money. Just like how there are so many cures out there for different diseases like AIDS and other infectious diseases but because of how much money someone can lose, it doesnt become legal or known to the public. Anti-legalization groups argue that if marijuana were legalized, there would be no way to regulate its use by or sales to minors. In addition, opponents cite marijuana is supposed threat to health. They postulate that if it is harmful, then it should remain illegal (Rosenthal 3). The damage marijuana does is outweighed by the documented damage that the marijuana laws cause society. A Show About Nothing EssayToday in society there are so many drugs out there that are being used to help people with diseases and other viruses. There are also many diseases out there that need cures for them. Marijuana is a drug that is overlooked and needs to become legal. It can be used in many positive ways and the hemp seed can be used as well. The damage marijuana does is outweighed by the documented damage that the marijuana laws cause society. Millions of arrests, tens of thousands of people incarcerated each year, thousands of lives ruined, polarized society and hypocrisy that extends from the cop on the beat to the highest levels of government. In the end, society has nothing positive to show for its efforts (Rosenthal 102). Therefore, to stop people from using a natural herb is really looked over. Nearly everyone knows the government is lying about pot (Rosenthal 103). Even the DEAs own judge agrees that is wrong to keep marijuana from sick people. Yet the government rem ains frozen on the issue of marijuana, perpetuating the same lies in a feeble effort to cover up the lies of the past. It is time for change. If society wants to have some control over marijuana, then it must be legalized and placed under a civil regulatory format (Rosenthal 104). Bibliography:Bender, David L. The War On Drugs: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego:Greenhaven,1998. Hales, Dianne. Invitation to Health. 9th ed. Belmont: Thomson,2001. Kuhn, Cynthia, Scott Swartzwelder, and Wilkie Wilson. Buzzed. New York: Norton and Company,1998. Potter, Beverly Dr. and Dan Joy. The Healing Magic of Cannabis. California:Ronin,1998. Randall, Robert C., and Alice M. OLeary. Marijuana Rx The Patients Fight for Medicinal Pot. New York: Thunders Mouth,1998. Rosenthal, Ed, and Steve Kubby. Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. New York:Thunders Mouth,1996.

Ulcerative Colitis Disease free essay sample

The two main drugs that are being used at the moment is balsalazide and Sulfasalazine. Both drugs are classed under a treatment called 5-ASA. For this type of treatment these are the two main drugs used by all doctors. [6] Ulcerative colitis is grouped under a name of a disease called Inflammatory Bowel disease. Inflammation has a literal meaning of â€Å"being set on fire†. Inflammation normally occurs when a tissue has been damaged or destroyed; it is like the body’s response to tell you something is wrong [2]. In other words Ulcerative colitis in which the large intestine, but not the small, becomes inflamed and ulcerated. In Ulcerative colitis it is only the inner lining of the bowel, and not it’s full thickness, which is affected. Ulcerative colitis may affect the rectum, when it is usually called ‘proctitis’, or it may affect the bowel from anus to the top left of the colon (splenic flexure). We will write a custom essay sample on Ulcerative Colitis Disease or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [6] Where does ulcerative colitis occur? Ulcerative colitis occurs in the colon. It always involves the rectum. It should be continuous, but can also be confined to patches in the colon. Some patients just experience inflammation in the rectum, others have it in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. Firstly genetics, it seems that the genes you inherit from your parents plays a big role of developing ulcerative colitis. Studies have shown that around 16% of people who have the disease have a close relative with the same condition. Scientist have found many genes that are able to code for ulcerative colitis, but how they do not know. Secondly the environmental factors around you have a big play on ulcerative colitis: Where and how we live also seems to play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis. The condition is much more common in certain parts of the world namely, urban areas in northern parts of Western Europe and America. A number of environmental factors have been suggested, including. Diet   the typical Western diet is high in carbohydrates and fats, which may explain why Asian people, who tend to eat a diet lower in carbohydrates and fats, are less affected by ulcerative colitis Hygiene  Ã‚  children  are being brought up in increasingly germ-free environments, but it is possible that the immune system requires exposure to germs to develop properly (this is known as the hygiene hypothesis, and has also been suggested as a possible cause for the rise in allergic conditions such as  asthma) However, no factors have been positively identified. Symptoms of Ulcerative colitis The most typical characteristics of ulcerative colitis is bloody diarrhoea; bloody diarrhoea makes us think of ulcerative colitis. The second most typical symptom of ulcerative colitis is the false urge of wanting to excrete. There is also symptom’s that come and go for example stomach cramps. [2] Solution to the problem Balsalazide 6. 75g VS Sulfasalazine 3g [4] Background: Sulfasalazine is accepted therapy for active ulcerative colitis, but side effects and intolerance are common. Balsalazide is an azo-bounded pro drug which releases 5-aminosalicylic acid into the colon, but uses an inert carrier molecule. The aim of the trail was to compare the efficiency and safety of sulfasalazine, 3g, with balsalazide, 6. 75g in the initial daily treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Methodology To start off with the study had 50 patients. 26 allocated to balsalazide, 6. 75g/day and 24 to sulfasalazine, 3g/day. The treatment groups were well matched for age sex and weight. Patients were recruited from three hospitals in northern England. Patients gave written consent and local research ethical committee approval was obtained. Adults with newly diagnosed or recently relapsed ulcerative colitis were included. To determine if the patients had ulcerative colitis they performed a sigmoidoscopy where they look around your colon with a camera. Also they made sure they done a negative stool culture. The study was a randomized, multicentre, double blind, parallel group study comparing balsalazide and sulfasalazine. Each medicine was administered in three divided doses, in the treatment of acute ulcerative colitis. Some patients for the first two days were given a placebo to measure bowel baseline habit. Treatment for the next two days compromised of balsalazide, 4. 5g and sulfasalazine 2g, this is equivalent to two thirds the normal dose. On day 5 of the treatment the dose give was the maximum. Patients were treated over 8 weeks and visited the study sites at 0,2,4 and 8 weeks. At each visit weight, pulse, general well-being, bowel frequencies, the presence of blood in the http://images. emedicinehealth. com/images/healthwise/medical/hw/h9991506_004. jpgstool, consistency of mucus and blood in the stool. Picture 3, A sigmoidoscopy A sigmoidoscopy was performed at weeks 0,4 and 8, with rectal biopsies for histology at weeks 0 and 8. A Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure where a doctor or nurse looks into the rectum and sigmoid colon, using an instrument called a sigmoidoscopy (microscopic camera). At the end of the study, an overall assessment was done to see if the patient achieved remission. Remission was defined as a stool frequency of two or less per day without blood and with a sigmoidoscopy appearance of normal rectal mucosa or minimal erythema.

6 Tips to Get Your Resume Mobile Friendly

6 Tips to Get Your Resume Mobile Friendly Gone (or at least dwindling) are the days when your resume would be received in the mail, processed by hand, and read by someone sitting at a desk. More often than not, resumes are sent digitally these days- and even more recently, recruiters are not just poring over your accomplishments while sitting quietly at their desks. They could be reading your resume on their phone screens while they commute or multitask. That means you need to update your resume to account for those who may be reading your resume on the go- but how?Here are some ways to maximize your resume’s mobile potential in order to get it mobile friendly.1. Peek at your resume on your own phone.Before sending it out, download and read the file on your own phone. That way, you can see what recruiters and hiring managers will see. If it looks crowded or otherwise difficult to read at a quick glance, it needs some work.2. Do some research before you make any changes.Surf some websites on your phone, especially ones that are text-heavy, like news sites. What works? What doesn’t? Do you notice anything in common among sites that are easy to read.3. Simplify the design.If you’ve got text boxes, columns, or other fancypants elements, consider dropping them. You want your resume to stand out, but you also want it to be appealing to a broad range of readers. To do that, content needs to triumph over form. Your accomplishments and skills can and should speak for themselves, and while bells and whistles are nice to have, you don’t want them to get in the way of having your resume speak to the right person.4. Go short and sweet.The average recruiter spends 6-ish seconds reading a resume. That alarming tidbit means your info has to be compelling, and it has to be clear. Keep this doubly in mind for mobile resume reading. You may think you’ve edited your novel of a resume down to a lean novella, but it may need to be edited even further so that you don’t have endless b locks of text in a mobile browser.Keep focusing on the highlights, and make sure you’re conveying info as succinctly as possible. For example, if you take 15  words to say that you have 10 years of experience, that’s a prime target for further editing. Use short bullets whenever possible.5. Forgo some formatting.Like with strong visual elements like graphs and text boxes, formatting should also be reviewed closely for need. Only use bold or italics when you want to emphasize a point- don’t use italics just for the heck of it, or to create visual interest on the page. Make the formatting reflect the content, not an arbitrary form.6. Keep only the most necessary elements.Adios, â€Å"Objectives† section. Goodbye and good luck, â€Å"References available upon request.† This editing for mobile clarity is a good excuse to get rid of sections that are taking up space on your resume without adding anything particularly helpful.These edits are good for m odernizing your resume, but also for general resume housekeeping. Again, you want your resume to be a laser-focused document of your most hire-able qualities. And making it so that it can be read, understood, and appreciated in all formats is a great way to move toward that goal.

Federalism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Federalism - Coursework Example Although federalism has the virtue of retaining local pride, power and traditions, it allows the central government to handle common problems as provided in the Tenth Amendment (Dye, 2010). The American federalism shapes the public policymaking by providing distinct role for the state and central government. However, policymaking is a complicated exercise that requires engagements, debates, deliberations and actions to pass laws and develop programs to address the needs at hand (Samuels,  2003). During a crisis, both the federal and state government acts in accordance with the given rules. However, the American constitution is ambiguous in detail the specific duties of the state government and emphasizes the role of the central government that surpasses its enumerated powers. Therefore, the federal and state policy makers should understand that each state has its constitutional limits that demand a direct intervention of the federal government. In short, the state government has the priority to implement policies to control a state crisis (Dye, 2010). Nonetheless, the federal government can make policies that assist the state to manage a crisis if the situation gets out-of-hand in terms of the geographical area or financial

Review of the Teen Age Brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of the Teen Age Brain - Essay Example Apart from balancing their academics with a prudent selection of extra-curricular activities these teenagers also have to cope with the ever increasing peer pressure whether it is smoking in a group, dumping their girlfriends/ boyfriends, dressing in a classy fashion and so forth. On the other end of the story teenagers are also charged as being in the most careless time period of their lives where they feel whatever they do is justified and that they have a right to do what they please. Another dilemma faced by many teenagers is that of how â€Å"big† they actually are for example they have to put up with the conditions imposed on them by their parents because they are not independent enough to fend for themselves and thus live a completely independent life. Yet in a highly individualistic society as that of the United States of America, teenagers do not feel bound to live their lives the way their parents plan it out for them. Teenagers want their privacy. They are mostly confused as to what they want out of their lives. When children are in their teenage, what matters most to them is their individuality and how they identify with their peers. Most teenagers fall a prey to dangerous company which leads to their giving in to peer pressure and taking d rugs, shoplifting for fun, committing robberies etc. Usually why teens get into such turmoil is because they do not communicate effectively with their parents who they see more as authoritative dictators who want to control their lives as opposed to someone who genuinely cares for them and their well being. Another factor which along with enhancing the information base of teenagers also renders them vulnerable is their unbound access to information through the internet. This access to the internet has made them more informed than any of their previous generations and in certain instances also increased their confusion as to their identity. Dealing with and

Greenland Rail Company: Strategic Planning and Management

Greenland Rail Company: Strategic Planning and Management Section One In activity 1, we have discussed the initial parts of the strategic planning and analyzed in depth the current scenario of The Greenland Rail Company. To continue further into the affairs of The Greenland Rail Company, here we shall apply the business assessment tools to arrive at a viable solution and evolve a healthy strategy for it or mend where necessary. The strategic planning determines the core idea, modus operandi allocation of resources to achieve the objectives or goals set in the strategic planning. Every business has its core idea and the strategy to achieve the objectives through operational plans. However to keep the operations on track, we need to have some analytical and monitoring measures. We can call them the business (assessment) tools. The idea of having these tools is minute to minute monitoring of the operations and to see if any action is harming the business or going against the strategy laid down. Here is the list of such tools: Is the strategic planning checked or analyzed on the concept of ‘SWOT’ analysis? Are the strategy and the strategic planning documented? Is there any internal audit or the check list for the cross check of actions with the planning? Is there any effective policy and method of remedial measures stipulated? SOPs are an effective tool to keep every action on line with the planning. All above are absolutely necessary for successful running of a business and more particularly for a business of the magnitude of The Greenland Rail Company spread countrywide by its services and utility to the nation. SWOT Analysis SWOT is abbreviation of four words which in fact gives four dimensional view of any issue or idea. There is nothing new in this. Everybody thinks on the pros and cons of an idea before putting it into practical shape or taking practical step. It consists of: Strengths: Under this heading, we see what makes an idea viable if put in practical shape. It starts from the biggest advantageous point to the smallest strength that the idea may have. Weaknesses: This heading covers the flaws in the idea and whether the flaws can be covered or they will make and prove the idea not viable. Opportunities: Having seen the strengths and weaknesses, does the idea still provide us the desired opportunities or any opportunities. This may also mean whether those opportunities that we had in mind, still exist and it is worth committing the valuable resources. Threats: the last part of the analysis is to evaluate threats to the business idea or the envisaged strategy. It is to see if threats are manageable and can be neutralized with some amendment in the strategy or they are big enough to be really called threats and give strong indications of not committing the resources. Documentation Of The Strategic Planning This is an extremely important tool that will go lifelong and will keep reminding the central idea and the principles on which the business is to be run. This provides the base for generating the operational plans for any new ventures within the existing business. The need for documenting the strategic planning cannot be over emphasized. Internal Audit Or The Check List To Cross Check The Actions With The Planning Internal audit and the checklist are two different things but serve the same purpose. The internal audit is carried out by another official of the organization whether the operators are performing correct actions. The checklist provides correct sequence of actions to be done by the operator. The checklist is guiding method whereas internal audit is pointing out the mistakes. However, both have their utility and should always exist. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) SOPs are an effective tool to keep every action on line with the planning and in fact operational plan translated in simpler form so that everybody at every level can understand the right way of doing an action. SOPs tell the only way an action has to be done and thatg is the desired action according to the operational plan. Method Of Remedial Measures We can say the last in the series is description of remedial measures. If the SOPs are being followed, no remedial measures are required. They are only for emergencies and accidents. However accidents and emergencies do not occur frequently but remedies should be well thought and well planned. They should be a part of SOPs and be documented properly. In this section we shall see the competitive strengths and weaknesses of the current business strategies. The Greenland Rail Company has: Clear philosophy to provide efficient travel service to the passenger, and, To provide efficient safe and timely transportation of commercial goods. Its strategy is based on the following elements: To schedule its services on the needs of the customers To provide sufficient number of trains To provide sufficient trained staff for operating these trains To allocate sufficient resources for the above To maintain a good standard of its services to attract the major market share. Effective marketing and good customer care service All above have all the strengths and bright chances of success. Despite these strengths it has weaknesses that it lacks locomotive production facilities and expertise, both. This is one weakness that can put the entire plan at stake of failure. However this weakness can be overcome by importing the locomotives in time and by having a good repair and maintenance workshop of its own. Its strengths can be enlisted as under: It can schedule the trains on the needs of the customers It can provide sufficient number of trains It can employ sufficient staff and can train them at its own training facilities It can allocate sufficient resources It can maintain good service standard It can have effective marketing and customers care Its weaknesses can be visualized and enlisted as under: Any breakdown of locomotives can adversely affect the schedule Motivation of the staff can be doubtful and may not prove to be as efficient as ideally required. The competitors, the road transporters can also provide the same facilities with good standard and efficiency. Track needs to be maintained continuously and may not be possible to do it. It is susceptible to miscreant actions and any defect in the track can stop the movement of trains and affect the schedule very badly. The company has single track and lacks the double track facility causing unnecessary delay in allowing the crossing of other train. There can be human error that can cause severe hindrances and even accidents. Despite these weaknesses the company has been running the trains by making an intelligent time table. However the efficiency of double track cannot be achieved by single track. The major problem faced by the company has been shortage of locomotives and making no provision for timely actions. Frustration in employees has been another factor. Core Business Values And Current Objectives Core business values are efficient service for passengers and goods transportation. Safety of passengers, comfortable travel and adhering to strict time schedule are the core values in case of passenger travel service. On the other side, transportation of goods in safe and timely manner are the core values for the cargo service. Its current business objectives are still the same, I e: To operate the trains and make the company a profitable organisation. The costs have to be met under all circumstances otherwise it would not be possible to run the trains under the conditions of continuous loss. The business objectives can only be achieved if there is efficiency in service. It is a circle; efficiency will capture the market and increase the customers and volume of goods to be transported. Low efficiency will cause losses on every side. The market will slip over in the hands of competitors and there will be sharp decline in the health of the company The comparison between the values and the objectives in now lopsided and in unfavorable balance. Values alone can do nothing if not supported by the efficient service. Loss of efficiency will result in loss of customers and cargo and that will push the company towards a sad catastrophe. Presently it is not meeting its objectives and core values are left unsatisfied. Section Two Now there is a need to compare the strengths and weaknesses and develop measures to bring the company back in good health. It may need very critical decisions. It has to do thorough audit and take stock of things. It has to eliminate all negative elements, may be manpower, some trains and some services which are not allowing the company to meet its expenses. Golden handshake, laying off or compulsory retirement may have to be resorted to foe labour turnover and replacing the inefficient and dishonest with better educated, young and enthusiastic manpower. Some sections of the rail service will have to be closed temporarily till the financial conditions improve and expense of less productive trains can be borne. The goods transport service is more yielding, therefore, has to be specially taken care of. Goods trains should be given equal priority and more cargo handling services can be installed for efficient booking, transportation and delivery of the goods. There is a need of job description of each employee and then he has to be supervised appropriately for efficiency and honesty. Options For Future Strategy The Greenland Rail Company has two issues at hand: Future strategy and, Options for the future strategy. Future Strategy Basically it remains the same with slight variation. Its strategy would be: To provide good travel service to the passengers To provide good transportation for the cargo To eliminate all elements causing losses and working against the interest of the company. To evolve efficient check and balance system. To maintain technical efficiency to the state of the art level for mai8ntaining the schedule. There has to be a ruthless accountability of every employee and every system. A very system of accounting has to be implemented. Future Options The long past history of the company has a lot to teach and draw the lessons. It has been running successfully 50 years back and even 30 years back. It started deteriorating in mid 80’s. the reasons could be traced as under: In 1950 it was not in good shape and faced scarcity of resources in all directions. In 1960 it improved its service, by induction of new rolling stock and new generation of diesel electric locomotives. Till 1980 it kept progressing and introduced new services and had better arrangements. However there were major political changes in the country and affected this company also. There is another dimension to the problem as well. It had following factor to affect: In 1950 it had to cater for the needs of population of 20 million people and number of passengers was relatively small. The volume of trade was also not much; therefore it did not have that much stress on any side. In 1960, the need for goods trains increased and population had also risen to 40 million relatively increasing the number of people traveling. Still the company handled the situation in fairly good manner and situation was not that bad. By 1975, the country gone through major political disasters, many resources were lost and the political scenario changed the whole situation in sphere of life. Besides political changes, the population had increased to around 75 million and stress was felt on the rail company. The oil prices escalated and number of passengers had sizably increased and number of industries and industrial unit had also increased. The company had to run the trains under political pressure and losses started showing. Now when the population has risen to 180 million and following g major changes have taken place and all of them have hit the company very badly, sinking it day by day: Oil prices increased tremendously Wages also increased and number of employees increase under the pressure of political govt to provide employment to the people. The operation cost increased tremendously. The balance between income and expense was also lost Company’s debts also increased The condition of rolling stock deteriorated and became unserviceable. The locomotives started breaking down enroute which not only caused the delays and upset the entire schedule but also added to the cost in recovery of stuck up trains. Track needed to be maintained, doubled and new trains needed to be introduced. Cargo handling facilities also needed to be installed at prominent destinations. Nothing was and has been done. Emergence and development of road transport companies has also created lot of competition and snatched a big share of the market reducing the4 business and revenue of the rail company There is a catastrophic scenario everywhere. Some miracle or very drastic measures can only save the organization. In view of the above situation still there is a hope to rescue this great enterprise and restore it to its previous glory. It has following options for the future: Enter into a joint venture with some rail company of another country who is running the railway successfully; or else, Seek the help of govt in paying off the debts. Procure new locomotives, improve rolling stock and suspend service on all unproductive or less productive sections. Accounting system needs to be changed. No collective accounting of all the trains should be done. Each train should be treated as a separate subsidiary company and revenue and expense of each train should be accounted for separately. No loss or decrease of revenue should be shared by other trains. Separate accounting system will exactly pin point the source of loss and reason there of. Criteria For Reviewing The Options Once the options have been analyzed and selected to be implemented, they are to be monitored for strict compliance. A set of rules, and checklist points will have to be framed and made mendatory for compliance. The automatic and most obvious criteria would be results in multi directions. They can be: An increase in revenue Less reports of pilferage and misappropriations Increase in customers and volume of goods transportation. Balance in revenue and expense. The ultimate criteria for the validity of options is volume of profit earned because of the options. Section Three Now we have fair amount of information to evolve a strategic plan for The Greenland Rail Company. It should restructure its strategy on the basis of above analysis. The changes are to be made as under: The basic or the core idea remains same. New rolling stock and locomotives should be procured; or number of trains should be reduced proportionate to resources but the service should be more efficient. All stakeholders should be made aware through wide publicity ensuring a better service The difference should be visible in practical shape rather than announcements only. The increasing costs should not always be passed on to the customers. They should be absorbed by the organisation by improvement in efficiency of systems and plugging the pilferage. Resource Allocation Resource allocation should be in priority as under: In all those areas which are absolutely necessary for provision of service and increasing the clientage. All assets, particularly the rolling stock, locomotives, administrative services get the first priority. The administrative and office expenses should be the minimum. Stores inventory should be maintained at the minimum level or may even be on the principle of ‘Just In Time’ (JIT) No over staffing be allowed under any circumstances. This practice not only increases unproductive costs but also the political inductees cause frustration among the efficient employees. Initially some part of the revenue will go in paying off the debts. Strategic Plan The Greenland Rail Company has the following strategic plan: To revive the company to its previous prestigious position. To provide efficient means of travel to all the citizens with safety speed and in time. To provide efficient goods transport system to the business community. To compete with the road transport industry by efficient services and economical cast to the customers. Vision Statement The Greenland Rail Company is determined to be the market leader in transport industry by providing the best services to the customers at economical costs. We visualize satisfied clientele and satisfied employees to contribute towards betterment of the company and the nation. Our vision is on practical footing and honest effort. Schedule Of Implementation The new strategic plan needs be implemented in the following manner: All operational plans must be reviewed in the light of analysis and new strategy formulated. Overstaffing must be reduced to the right size Trains must be rescheduled keeping in view the company’s present potential and the customers’ needs. Separate accounting for each train be implemented immediately. Monitoring system should be introduced and made more effective. All excess inventory should be first segregated and noted particularly to avoid more purchase and blocking the valuable and limited resources. Start the operation on above outline with a new zeal of efficient service. Conclusion The Greenland Rail Company scenario is worst possible which has dropped from magnificent position to depth of destruction and still striving to regain its position. An analysis has been carried out giving all details and possible way out for the company. Although the difficulties seem very big but remedies are quite simple but need stern action on the part of management. Tough decisions, clear vision and honest effort are the only means available to The Greenland Rail Company. The strongest point in favour of the company is the strong base of business and need for its services. Hopefully it will survive.

Marx and arnold †individual in the class

Karl Marx was one of the most influential ideologues of all times. His ideas fired men to revolutions and empowered them as a class denoted by the proletariat to wage struggle against domination by the bourgeois. (Marx. Engels. Et Al.:1998). His ideology of individual empowerment contributing to class control over society holds sway amongst a large swathe of humanity even to this day. While Marx was a powerful believer in individual power, it was through its regulation that change in society was brought about. This change was not the way a person pleased or sought it to be but on the basis of history and as per existing circumstances. (Marx. Engels: 1986).   In the struggle of the classes, Marx believed that it was individual influence as denoted in labor power which had been undermined over the years by the bourgeoisie. The control granted to individuals through their work denoted labor power which comprised of the prime energy which created a vital force in nations. (Marx: 1999). Marx values labor power as it is the only means which can produce more value than its worth, thus this is the productive value of individuals.   (Marx: 2003).   Class struggle as per Marx begins with individual power generated by personal toil which is coagulated to destroy those elements which work against their interests. Thus Marx believed that the exploitative nature of individual power particularly amongst the bourgeoisie will be brought to an end through collective authority of individuals of the proletariat. (Karl Marx: 2006). Marx states that each man in a capitalist system works in his own interest and thus ultimately results in the destruction of the organism as a whole. (Aron: 1965). The ideal structure for harnessing individual power is thus felt to be the communist system wherein the power of each individual can be channelised for the collective good. An individual’s role is related to his role in class and economic relations and thus his power is also channelised in that direction. (Marx: 1999). The view of individual power held by Marx is thus of production, material creation and contribution to the class struggle. The individual soul loses its power in the collectivity of the class to which he belongs. Arnold was a poet in the Victorian era who is said to have guidance and rationality in an age which was increasingly industrialized and when individuals were losing their moorings to increased vocationalisation of human activity. By adopting the analogies of the Barbarians, Philistines and Populace wherein individuality was subordinated, Arnold attempted to bring back a sense of power to the individual. (Arnold EB: 2006). Arnold’s philosophy of individualism was based on the ability of the individual to change society by following a contrarian approach rather than just blindly following reality. Arnold abhorred the average man who he believed failed to contribute to quality in society. It is the individual who is not average, the, â€Å"remnant† as he called it who contributes most to the social order and democracy. A remnant is required to be humble and should look upwards to some standard. Once a majority of the people assume such a quality, as per Arnold, the whole society will rise above the normal. For raising such a social order, education was a key parameter. Education has to be humanist and religious and not merely utilitarian or sentimental. The scientific temper of education has been reducing the humane standards that people have.   There was a greater need for reinventing education to enable a holistic approach. (The Dialogue: 2006). Arnold calls for finding the best amongst oneself and then follow it. This self needs to be one which is the best and not what is upper most in the mind. An individual should not go against this, â€Å"best light† and ensure that this light is not darkness. (Arnold : 2000). Pursuit of culture which generates beauty and intelligence or what Arnold has called sweetness and light in individual is its main purpose. (Arnold : 2000)   Action by individuals should be guided by such sweetness and light. There should be no fear that such men cannot bear the trials of a tough life, by avoiding rough action. By relying on less random action people can confront such acts. Arnold believed that the central theme of British society was assertion of personal liberty. However he was clearly against individualism resulting in anarchy. (Arnold : 2000) Arnolds identified religion as per Christ as a force which was based on individual proclivities acting on himself rather than injunctions from outside. Thus the individual can gain control over himself and thus contribute to society. (Style : 2006). Arnold spawned the movement of humanism in the United Staes which provided the guiding light of morality from past civilisations for individuals to survive in a world which was turning towards greater individualism and materialism. (New Humanism : 2006). The strength of Arnold’s style lay lies in his use of the satirical and analytic to denote his theories which made them more explicit. (Genre : 2006). The individual power denoted by Marx is one which has been harnessed for creation, production and destruction. (Marx. Engels: 1986). It is power in the individual for action resulting from his labor, as against intrinsic power developed through intermix with education and culture. Marx wants to harness individual power to change society, to bring class struggle; Arnold wants individual power to raise the resistance of humans to survive in an increasingly materialistic and industrialized World. (Marx. Engels: 1986). The strength or power in an individual as per Arnold came from within, while Marx believed that individual power came from the society and the environment surrounding him. The power of individuals as per Marx rests in his ability to produce value through labor, it is to be harnessed collectively, on the other hand, Arnold believes in power of the individual which is derived from his culture and sensitivities and which guides him to do the right things for the overall good of society. (Arnold : 2000). Thus there was a major differentiation between the identification and use of power between Marx and Arnold. Reference 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Dialogue. 2006. The Dialogue Of The Mind With Itself† http://www.nhumanities.org/arnold.htm† (30 May 2006). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Culture and Anarchy. http://www.authorama.com/culture-and-anarchy-4.html. (31 May 2006). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arnold, Matthew. 2000. Culture and Anarchy : An Essay in Political an Social Criticism (Collected Works of Matthew Arnold). Classic Books. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Arnold, Matthew. EB 2006. â€Å"Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Premium Service.http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9009580>. (30 May 2006). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Humanism. (2006). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Premium Service: http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9055477. (30 May 2006). 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Style. 2006. http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/arnold/style1.html. (31 May 2006). 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.victorianweb.org/genre/ej/2c4.html. (31 May 2006). 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Karl Marx. 2006. http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.htmlKarl Marx. (31 May 2006). 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marx. 2003. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/marx/. (31 May 2006). 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aron, Raymond. 1965. Main Currents in Sociological Thought. Basic Books. New York. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marx, Karl. 1999. Das Kapital. Gateway. New York. 12.   Marx, Karl. Engels, Friedrich McLellan, David. 1998. The Communist Manifesto. Oxford University Press, New York. New Ed edition. 13.   Marx Engels. 1986.   Collected Works. International Publishers.

The Importance of Understanding Diversity in a Business Setting

The Importance of Understanding Diversity in a Business Setting â€Å"Diversity is defined as real or perceived differences among people in race, ethnicity, sex, age, physical and mental ability, sexual orientation, religion, work and family status, weight and appearance, and other identity-based attributes that affect their interactions and relationships (Bell, 2012, p. 5)†. The work force of today is more diverse than ever, and the marketplace progressively more global.By 2010 the number of women in the U. S. labor force increased by almost 10 million, a growth rate almost one-third higher than that of men. The success of a workplace depends on a manger’s ability to promote a work environment that is inclusive to every person, and that allows every employee to reach his or her full potential (Gaines & Wilson, 2005). Benefits of a Diverse Workforce According to Bell (2012) there is a lot to be gained from a diverse workforce.Having employees’ who are from variou s backgrounds can improve the company’s marketing ability by being able to develop products that meet the needs and appeal to a more diverse population. By creating a reputation that values all types of employees can lead to better customer loyalty. Research has shown that groups of people with varying backgrounds bring differences that result in greater creativity and problem-solving abilities. These groups have also displayed more cooperative behaviors on group tasks.The benefits to having a diverse work force are many. Having a work environment centered on creating a comfortable and productive atmosphere requires management’s ability to understand that there are differences but that it is important to bridge these gaps and promote working together as a team. Managing a Diverse Workforce It is important as a manager to acknowledge differences, and promote diversity. Successful managers avoid using stereotypes, and generalities when communicating.Managers need to pay attention and respect people’s  values and beliefs. They should establish relationships with their employees’, and remember that each person has different talents and strengths. They can learn what works to motivate and reward each employee. Employees’ need continued support in working to their potential by having management provide ongoing opportunities for learning and development (Gaines & Wilson, 2005). Educating and offering classes on cultural diversity is a good way for employees to learn about how to interact and work productively with a diverse workforce.Left Handed in a Right Handed World Being left handed the ball sock experiment was interesting. I found that I have adapted in a lot of ways by becoming more ambidextrous. The most challenging part of the experiment was not having the use of both hands. I could not write legibly at all with my right hand, and I found when flipping through a magazine with my right hand I preferred to flip the â€Å"no rmal† way front to back. When I usually flip through a magazine using my left hand I prefer flipping from the back to front.It did give me an appreciation for the challenges faced by those who do not fit into what the society sees as normal. I felt I had a disability and it was challenging to do my normal everyday tasks, plus I got some strange looks from my family. I also learned that it is possible to adapt to new situations. Being a lefty my whole life I have been viewed as different from what is considered normal. Sure I can only use extremely sharp scissors to cut paper, and I can barely use a knife to cut my food but I have never looked at this as a negative thing, I have always felt it makes me special and unique.ConclusionIn closing a diverse workforce is quickly becoming what is normal for today. We must start becoming more aware and understanding of individuals who are not exactly like us. Management must adapt to these changes by realizing that there are many positi ve benefits to having a diverse work force and treat every employee as an individual with different strengths and talents. In order to successfully work in today’s business world we all must be open minded and willing to accept our differences and develop an appreciation for a more diverse population.

Sentencing Guilty Verdict - 1067 Words

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